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Strategies for improving luminescence efficiencies of blue-emitting metal halide perovskites

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Abstract

Lead halide perovskites (LHPs) are suitable as the emissive layers in light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The external quantum efficiency of green LEDs based on LHPs is now over 20%. Nevertheless, the blue LHP LEDs lag behind the green ones in terms of efficiency. Photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) and stability of the NCs under various operating conditions are two major factors that influence the LED performance. Therefore, to promote the efforts towards achieving improved LED efficiencies, herein, we summarize several synthetic methods that produce blue-emitting LHP NC, followed by several approaches devised to boost their PL QYs up to near unity. Light-induced anion segregation is one of the limitations of using blue-emitting mixed-halide LHPs, which triggers the attention to single halide, quantum-confined LHP nanoplatelets (NPLs). Syntheses, structure, and luminescent properties of organic–inorganic and all-inorganic blue-emitting LHP NPLs are discussed elaborately. In the last portion, the luminescent properties of lead-free metal halides, which are of current interest, are discussed, followed by an outlook and future directions. In conclusion, our review discusses various literature attempts to obtain stable blue-emitting LHP NCs, which can be helpful in a better design of the blue-emitting LHP NCs towards various light-emitting applications.

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Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Copyright 2015, American Chemical Society. d and e Reprinted with permission from Ref. [23] Copyright 2017, John Wiley and Sons. f–h Reprinted with permission from Ref. [24] Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society

Fig. 3

Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society. e Reprinted with permission from Ref. [28] Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society. f Reprinted with permission from Ref. [29] Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society. g–h Reprinted with permission from Ref. [32] Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society. i–l Reprinted with permission from Ref. [35] Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society

Fig. 4

Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society. f Reprinted with permission from Ref. [44] Copyright 2015, American Chemical Society

Fig. 5

Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society

Fig. 6

Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society. d and e Reprinted with permission from Ref. [56] Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society. f Reprinted with permission from Ref. [42] Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society. g and h Reprinted with permission from Ref. [57] Copyright 2020, Elsevier

Fig. 7

Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society. c Absorbance and steady-state PL of CsSnX3 NCs. d TEM image of CsSnX3 NCs. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [76] Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society. e PL excitation and emission spectra of Cs3Cu2I5 NCs in hexane. f The crystal structure of Cs3Cu2I5 and the NC solution under 365 nm light. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [78] Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society. g Typical optical images of a colloidal Cs3Sb2Br9 NC solution with and without 365 nm UV light excitation and h proposed band structure diagram. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [73] Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society. i PL spectra of 10% Sb3+:Cs2NaInCl6. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [79] Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Materials Innovation Project (2020M3H4A3081792) funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea and the Technology Innovation Program (KEIT-20010737) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE, Korea).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea

    G. Krishnamurthy Grandhi, Ha Jun Kim, Han Bin Cho, Joo Hyeong Han, Seong Min Kim & Won Bin Im

  2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea

    N. S. M. Viswanath

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  1. G. Krishnamurthy Grandhi
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Grandhi, G.K., Kim, H.J., Viswanath, N.S.M. et al. Strategies for improving luminescence efficiencies of blue-emitting metal halide perovskites. J. Korean Ceram. Soc. 58, 28–41 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43207-020-00100-6

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