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The Gene Expression Profiles Associated with Maternal Nicotine Exposure in the Liver of Offspring Mice

  • Reproductive Genetics: Original Article
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Abstract

This study aims to investigate the effect of maternal nicotine exposure on the gene expression profiles in the liver of offspring mice. Pregnant mice were subcutaneously injected with either saline vehicle or nicotine twice a day on gestational days 11–21. Total RNA from the liver samples which collected from the offspring mice of postnatal day 7 and 21 was subjected to RNA sequencing. Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway enrichment analysis were conducted to identify the functions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Four genes were selected for further validation by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A total of 448 DEGs and 186 DEGs were identified on postnatal day 7 and 21, respectively. GO analysis revealed that the DEGs on postnatal day 7 mainly participated in the biological functions of cell growth and proliferation, and the DEGs on postnatal day 21 mainly participated in ion transport/activity. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs on postnatal day 7 were mainly enriched in the cell cycle, cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and the p53 signaling pathway, while the DEGs on postnatal day 21 were mainly enriched in neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, the calcium signaling pathway, retinol metabolism, and axon guidance. The qRT-PCR results were consistent with the RNA sequencing data. The DEGs may affect the growth of liver in early postnatal period while may affect ion transport/activity in late postnatal period.

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The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary materials.

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend thanks to the laboratory assistants for providing assistance in the laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen. The authors also give thanks to funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO.81600669), the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, China (NO.2016J01646, 2021J05273), the Science and Technology Foundation of Xiamen (NO.3502Z20164004, 3502Z20199017), and Collaborative Innovation Center for Maternal and Infant Health Service Application Technology, Quanzhou Medical College (NO.XJM1803). A special thanks is given to Yi-Ming Su for valuable suggestions for this experiment design and timely help in analyzing the data and English spelling corrections.

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Funding

The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 81600669); the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, China (grant number 2016J01646, 2021J05273); the Science and Technology Foundation of Xiamen, China (grant number 3502Z20164004, 3502Z20199017); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Maternal and Infant Health Service Application Technology, Quanzhou Medical College (grant number XJM1803).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

    Yan-Ting Lin, Shu-Jing Huang, Yu-Qing Su, Xian-Lan Liu, Long-Cheng Hong, Mei Huang, Huan-Zhong Su, Xiao-Dong Zhang & Yi-Ming Su

  2. Department of Ultrasound, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China

    Yan Lin

  3. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

    Jing Ran

  4. Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

    Fang-Fang Yan

  5. Department of Ultrasound, Siming Branch Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

    Yi-Ming Su

  6. Collaborative Innovation Center for Maternal and Infant Health Service Application Technology, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, China

    Yi-Ming Su

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  1. Yan-Ting Lin
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Contributions

All the authors participated in the design, interpretation of the studies and analysis of the data, and review of the manuscript. Yi-Ming Su and Mei Huang designed the study; investigation and data curation were done by Shu-Jing Huang and Yu-Qing Su; writing—original draft was by Yan-Ting Lin and Yan Lin; methodology was by Jing Ran and Fang-Fang Yan; validation was by Xian-Lan Liu and Long-Cheng Hong; supervision was by Xiao-Dong Zhang; and writing–review and editing was by Xian-Lan Liu and Huan-Zhong Su.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yi-Ming Su.

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Ethics Approval

The animal use protocol “The gene expression profiles associated with maternal nicotine exposure in the liver of offspring mice” (Animal Ethics Review Number (XMYY-2020KYSB040)) has been reviewed and approved by the Animal Care and Ethics Committee of Xiamen University. All the animals were acclimated under standard laboratory conditions (ventilated room, 25 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% humility, 12-h light/dark cycle) and had free access to standard water and food. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the “Guiding Principles in the Care and Use of Animal” and were approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Xiamen University.

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The authors consented for the publication.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Yan-Ting Lin, Yan Lin, and Xian-Lan Liu contributed to this work equally.

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Lin, YT., Lin, Y., Huang, SJ. et al. The Gene Expression Profiles Associated with Maternal Nicotine Exposure in the Liver of Offspring Mice. Reprod. Sci. 31, 212–221 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-023-01328-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-023-01328-3

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