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Sympatric procyonids in the Atlantic Forest: revealing differences in detection, occupancy, and activity of the coati and the crab-eating raccoon in a gradient of anthropogenic alteration

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Abstract

The coati (Nasua nasua) and the crab-eating raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus) are sympatric procyonids that are relatively abundant and appear to exhibit tolerance towards moderate levels of anthropogenic modification. However, there are differences in their social behavior and activity patterns. Here we evaluated the probability of detection, occupancy, and daily activity patterns of these two neotropical species in different populations of the Atlantic Forest. We used data from 105 camera-trap stations distributed along five areas. We analyzed data from 7541 trap-nights. The average occupancy probability of the crab-eating raccoon (Ψ = 0.38, 0.21–0.59 CI) was lower than that of the coati (Ψ = 0.62, 0.35–0.84 CI) and that pattern was consistent in all five surveyed sites. The occupancy of the coati was negatively affected by human density and distance to water bodies, while the crab-eating raccoon occupancy was positively affected by the percentage of forests. Activity pattern was diurnal for coatis in two of the sampled areas (Rayleigh-Z0.6365, p-value < 0.05) (Rayleigh-Z0.4864, p-value < 0.001), and nocturnal for crab-eating raccoons (Rayleigh-Z0.5753, p-value < 0.05) (Rayleigh-Z0.7286, p-value < 0.05); however, the coati presented cathemeral activity in the area most modified by human activity (Rayleigh-Z0.1538, p-value = 0.472). The coati and the crab-eating raccoon responded differently to different types of human alteration. Our results show that while common, coatis and crab-eating raccoons present distinct levels of sensitivity to different types of anthropogenic changes in the landscape.

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Data availability

The datasets used in the analisys are available in the link: https://www.dropbox.com/s/pzvltqw6lnbhlwu/Variables.csv?dl=0. It also can be requested to the first author.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brazil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001 and Panthera for funding part of this study. Jordani Dutra was supported by scholarships by BIC/UFRGS, Flávia P. Tirelli by PNPD/CAPES, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico—Maria João Ramos Pereira by CNPq productivity grant, Paula Horn and Victoria Graves by MSc CAPES scholarship. We would like to thank all the conservation units’ staff and landowners for allowing us access to their lands. We also would like to thank all persons who collaborated during fieldwork, especially Magnus Severo, André Osorio, Jaime Diehl, Turvo State Park, and Passo Fundo National Forest rangers. We also thank the Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul (FZB RS), and Universidad de la Republica (UdelaR) for the loan of field material and field support, with special thanks to Carla Fontana, Eduardo Eizirik, Diego Queirolo, Carol Espinosa, and Jaime Diehl, and. Thanks to all students who helped to process all the data collected.

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  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43435, Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil

    Jordani Dutra, Maria João Ramos Pereira, Paula Horn & Flávia P. Tirelli

  2. Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal

    Maria João Ramos Pereira

  3. Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia, SP, Brazil

    Flávia P. Tirelli

  4. International Master’s in Applied Ecology (IMAE), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

    Victoria Graves

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All authors did fieldwork to collect the data. VG, PH, and JD created the variables. JD did all the analyses. Writing led by JD, FPT, and MJRP.

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Dutra, J., Ramos Pereira, M.J., Horn, P. et al. Sympatric procyonids in the Atlantic Forest: revealing differences in detection, occupancy, and activity of the coati and the crab-eating raccoon in a gradient of anthropogenic alteration. Mamm Biol 103, 289–301 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-023-00349-4

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