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The presence of antibiotics and multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus reservoir in a low-order stream spring in central Brazil

  • Environmental Microbiology - Research Paper
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Abstract

The disposal of industrial effluents strongly influences low-order streams, which makes them fragile ecosystems that can be impacted by contamination. In central Brazil, the Extrema River spring targets the dumping of pharmaceutical products from the surrounding industries. So, this work aimed to investigate the presence of antibiotics in Extrema River spring samples and the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus, a potential multidrug-resistant bacteria, verifying the antimicrobial resistance profile of these isolates. Three campaigns were carried out in different locals (P1–P3) between October and December 2021, in the dry and rainy seasons. The high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS) approach indicated the presence of sulfamethoxazole (≥ 1 ng/L), metronidazole (< 0.5 ng/L), and chloramphenicol (< 5 ng/L) in the water samples in November (rainy season). S. aureus was isolated in P1 (n = 128), P2 (n = 168), and P3 (n = 36), with greater resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (90%), clindamycin (70%), and gentamicin (60%). The presence of antibiotics in the Extrema River spring may cause S. aureus antibiotic resistance development. The presence of antibiotics and the high percentage of isolated multidrug-resistant S. aureus in the Extrema River spring cause concern and indicate the clandestine dumping of effluents from nearby pharmaceutical industries. Since preserving the springs of low-order streams is important for the environment and public health, we encourage monitoring the wastewater from Extrema River’s nearby pharmaceutical industries and preserving the spring of this river.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Dr. Mirelle Garcia Silva Bailão and Dr. Leonardo Luiz Borges for supporting this research.

Funding

This research was funded by Programa Pesquisa para o SUS: gestão compartilhada em saúde—PPSUS (grant number PPSUS proc. 202110267000295), namely Ministério da Saúde (MS), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás (FAPEG), and Secretaria de Estado da Saúde (SES-GO); and by Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG; Pró-Projetos, grant number 202100020012836). IRS and INMS were supported by scholarships from UEG.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Câmpus Central, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, GO, Brazil

    Igor Romeiro dos Santos, Isabela Náthaly Machado da Silva, Adriano Roberto Vieira de Sousa, Cátia Lira do Amaral & Elisa Flávia Luiz Cardoso Bailão

  2. Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas Tóxico-Farmacológicas (Nepet), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil

    Jerônimo Raimundo de Oliveira Neto, Naiara Raica Lopes de Oliveira & Luiz Carlos da Cunha

  3. Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil

    Adriano Roberto Vieira de Sousa & Elisângela de Paula Silveira-Lacerda

  4. Laboratório de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento & Inovação de Produtos para a Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, GO, Brazil

    Anielly Monteiro de Melo & Joelma Abadia Marciano de Paula

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  1. Igor Romeiro dos Santos
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Contributions

Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Igor Romeiro dos Santos, Isabela Náthaly Machado da Silva, Jerônimo Raimundo de Oliveira Neto, Naiara Raica Lopes de Oliveira, Adriano Roberto Vieira de Sousa, Anielly Monteiro de Melo, Joelma Abadia Marciano de Paula, Luiz Carlos da Cunha, and Elisa Flávia Luiz Cardoso Bailão. The study conception and design were performed by Igor Romeiro dos Santos, Joelma Abadia Marciano de Paula, Cátia Lira do Amaral, Elisângela de Paula Silveira-Lacerda, Luiz Carlos da Cunha, and Elisa Flávia Luiz Cardoso Bailão. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Igor Romeiro dos Santos and Elisa Flávia Luiz Cardoso Bailão, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Elisa Flávia Luiz Cardoso Bailão.

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dos Santos, I.R., da Silva, I.N.M., de Oliveira Neto, J.R. et al. The presence of antibiotics and multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus reservoir in a low-order stream spring in central Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 54, 997–1007 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-023-00973-9

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