Abstract
Coupling of coffee husk returning to the cultivated field along with application of optimal chemical fertilizer dozes whether could promote the growth of young coffee tree and improve the soil environment in the root zone is still unclear. Therefore, we studied the effects of fertilization levels and coffee husk returning to the field on soil physicochemical properties, microbial activity and diversity, and growth indicators. The expected research results might help to find the optimal mode of fertilization levels and coffee husk returning method to improve soil environmental quality and promote the growth of young coffee trees (Coffea arabica L.). The coupling effects of three fertilization levels (FL, N:P2O5:K2O = 72:72:72 kg·ha−1; FM, N:P2O5:K2O = 144:144:144 kg·ha−1; FH, N:P2O5:K2O = 216:216:216 kg·ha−1) and three different modes of coffee husk (BC, biochar; CC, compost; AC, ash) returning events were tested through plot experiments from 2019 to 2021. All the experiments were conducted against a control (CK) containing no husk and fertilizer. The soil physicochemical indexes were comprehensively evaluated by TOPSIS method. In addition, the effect of coffee husk returning method on soil microbial diversity under FM was analyzed. The results showed that FM obtained the maximum increments of plant height, stem diameter, and crown width. Soil available nutrient, total N, and organic matter contents under CC were increased by 19.93–49.78, 29.13, and 59.55% compared with AC, respectively. The increments of stem diameter and crown width in CC were 17.22 and 40.20% greater than those in AC, respectively. Soil available nutrients, increments of stem diameter, and crown width of FMCC were increased by 78.06–148.73, 79.25, and 152.59% compared with CK, respectively. TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation results showed that FMCC ranked first in soil physical and chemical properties. Biolog-ECO Plates method showed that the AWCD (average well color development) of carbon source in FMCC was 320% higher than that in CK. Compared with CK, the Shannon index and McIntosh index of soil microbial diversity in FMCC were increased by 18.51 and 104.79%, respectively. In addition, the maximum utilization efficiency of carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, amino acids and polymers in FMCC was increased by 99.08, 196.91, 304.81, and 214.98%, respectively. FMCC was the best coupling method of fertilization level and coffee husk returning method, which could improve the soil environmental quality and promote the growth of young coffee tree in Yunnan Province, China.
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Data Availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, [Xiaogang Liu], upon reasonable request.
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Funding
This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51979133, 52379040), Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects (202301AS070030), Yunnan Major Science and Technology Special Plan (grant no. 202302AE090024), Basic Research Program of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department (Grant No. 202001AT070032), and Science and Technology Planning Project of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department of China (202101BD070001-019).
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Z. J.: data curation, visualization, writing original draft. X. L. and J. G.: writing, review and editing. W. S. and N. C.: material preparation. H. C. and W. H.: data collection and analysis were performed.
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Jiang, Z., Liu, X., Sun, W. et al. Fertilizer Optimization Combined with Coffee Husk Returning to Improve Soil Environmental Quality and Young Coffee Tree Growth. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 24, 650–665 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-023-01572-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-023-01572-1