Abstract
Two laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate micronutrient adsorption efficiency by different rice husk biochar types (RHB-350, RHB-450, RHB-550, and RHB-650) and evaluate the availability of these nutrients in calcareous sandy soil treated with feedstock- and biochar-loaded micronutrients. Adsorption kinetic experiments of multi-metal ions (Zn2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, and Fe2+) were conducted using 1000, 100, 500, and 1000 µg g−1 biochar, respectively. In the incubation experiment, the four micronutrients were loaded on feedstock (F +) and RHB-450 (B +). The blank-non-loaded-micronutrients of feedstock (F-) or RHB-450 (B-) and loaded-micronutrients (F + or B +) were applied to soil (2.5 and 5%) and incubated for 60 days (≃30 °C) in two-factor completely randomized design. Kinetic experiment showed that RHB-450 could be effectively used to retain Zn2+ (86.38%), Cu2+ (87.61%), Mn2+ (76.26%), and Fe2+ (65.90%) in multi-metal-ions systems. The adsorption kinetic is well described using the pseudo-second order model (R2, 0.999–1.000), which refers to chemical adsorption. In the incubation experiment, the highest release of the investigated micronutrients occurred during the 16-day incubation of soil treated with loaded micronutrients. Moreover, 5% (F +) had the highest values (P < 0.05) for Zn2+ and Fe2+ bioavailability, while Mn2+ was the highest at 5% (B-). Interaction effects showed the highest significance of Cu2+ and Mn2+ bioavailability at 32-day incubation for 5% F- and B-, respectively, while Zn2+ and Fe2+ were found for 5% F + treatment at 16- and 64-day incubation, respectively. Biochar is better for loading micronutrients than feedstock, but feedstock loaded-micronutrients is more efficient for increasing micronutrients bioavailability in calcareous sandy soil.
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El-Gamal, E.H., Salem, L.R., Mahmoud, A.H. et al. Evaluation of Rice Husk Biochar as a Micronutrients Carrier on Micronutrients Availability in a Calcareous Sandy Soil. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 23, 1633–1647 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-023-01184-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-023-01184-9