Abstract
Alternate partial root-zone N-fertigation can improve nitrogen (N) nutrition of barley grown at elevated carbon dioxide (e[CO2]), and the carbon (C) and N metabolism in grain crops may lead to changes in grain quality. However, the effect of N-fertigation under water deficit and e[CO2] on barley grain quality is still largely elusive, and the role of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) level in grain quality formation under combined drought stress and e[CO2] needs to be further explored. Wild-type barley Steptoe (WT) and its correspondent ABA-deficient barley mutant Az34 were grown at ambient CO2 (a[CO2], 400 ppm) and e[CO2] (800 ppm), respectively. Three N-fertigation regimes, including N-fertigation at full irrigation volume (FIN), N-fertigation at deficit irrigation volume (DIN), and alternate N-fertigation at reduced irrigation volume (PRDN), were imposed from tillering to grain filling stage. When analyzed across the N-fertigation regimes and genotypes, e[CO2] decreased the shoot nitrogen, β-glucan and starch concentrations by 8.3%, 3.6%, and 2.6%, respectively, but increased the grain nitrogen concentration by 6.6% compared to a[CO2]. Az34 had 8.4% and 15.7% higher sulfur and zinc concentrations while 14.3% lower calcium concentration than WT. Compared to FIN, DIN decreased the concentrations of grain nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, serine, glutamic acid, proline, threonine, methionine, and leucine by 5.7%, 3.1%, 5.2%, 4.9%, 5.9%, 7.3%, 4.8%, 5.9%, and 5% while increased β-glucan and starch concentrations by 2.2% and 2.9%, respectively; PRDN reduced grain nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, serine, glutamic acid, proline, threonine, methionine, and leucine concentrations by 9.4%, 5.1%, 8.2%, 6.4%, 7.6%, 9.5%, 6.5%, 10.9%, and 6.6% while enhanced β-glucan and starch concentrations by 5.3% and 3.8%, respectively. The results provide some novel knowledge about the effect of N-fertigation under water deficit on barley grain quality at e[CO2].
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The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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The research was partially funded by National Key Research and Development Program of China (grant no. 2018YFE0107000), China Scholarship Council and the Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC).
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Li, L., Wang, Y. & Liu, F. Combined Effect of Alternate Partial Root-Zone N-Fertigation and Elevated CO2 on Grain Quality Characteristics of Barley. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 23, 2096–2109 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-023-01164-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-023-01164-z