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Metabolic Self-regulation of Pisum sativum L. Under Varying Soil Fertility in South Africa

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Abstract

Legumes have been used to improve soil fertility however, most legume research focuses on crop and not forage legumes. Forage legumes, including Pisum sativum L., increase the nutritional value in pastures and provide high amounts of soil protein and minerals required for plant growth. We investigated the effects of varying soil composition on plant growth, symbiosis establishment, and nutrient acquisition. We also aimed to compare phenolic compound production, since phenolics are reported to play a vital role in plant defense, pollination/dispersal, and symbiosis with quorum-sensing plant growth-promoting bacteria. Using quantitative techniques, we evaluated the effect of nutrient deficiency in plant–microbe symbiosis, nutrition, and carbon costs, as well as the phenolic concentrations in P. sativum. Four distinct regional soils in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), geographically covering grassland and savannah ecosystems, were used as growth substrates. Plants maintained their root dry weights and growth rates across the four soil types. Low pH, total cations, and high exchange acidity in Bergville soil resulted in decreased total plant dry weights. P. sativum grown in Izingolweni soils relied more on atmospheric N fixed by endophytic/associative bacteria from the genera Cupriavidus, Paenibacillus, Cohnella, and Bacillus, while those grown in Hluhluwe soils relied on soil N. Plant associative microbes might modulate nutrient availability for plant uptake in nutrient poor grassland and savannah ecosystems. P. sativum acclimatized to changes in soil nutrient concentrations and pH in the studied ecosystems by changing N source preferences and phenolic concentrations. The acclimatization of plants is likely modulated by the presence of rhizospheric microorganisms interacting with the plants.

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Acknowledgements

The technical assistance rendered by Lucie Slobodianová is greatly appreciated. We acknowledge the Central Analytical Facilities at Stellenbosch University and the Archeometry Department at the University of Cape Town for their research facilities. The authors would like to thank the National Research Foundation (NRF), South Africa for funding this work (grant no. UID 113576

Funding

The authors would like to thank the National Research Foundation (NRF), South Africa for funding this work (grant no. UID 113576). We also appreciate the financial support from the Czech Science Foundation (no. 17-06613S) and ERDF project “Development of pre-applied research in nanotechnology and biotechnology (No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_048/0007323).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa

    Anathi Magadlela & Ntuthuko S. Zungu

  2. School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa

    Anathi Magadlela, Ntuthuko S. Zungu, Thandeka Khoza & Adeyemi O. Aremu

  3. Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, North West Province, South Africa

    Adeyemi O. Aremu

  4. Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic

    Jiri Gruz

  5. Ecology Area, University Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain

    María Pérez-Fernández

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  1. Anathi Magadlela
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Magadlela, A., Zungu, N.S., Khoza, T. et al. Metabolic Self-regulation of Pisum sativum L. Under Varying Soil Fertility in South Africa. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 23, 177–189 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-022-00930-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-022-00930-9

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