Abstract
Private wealth is becoming increasingly important in planning for retirement and protecting against life risks; however, limited research has addressed the gender wealth gap in Canada. This gap remains largely unexplored because of the collection of wealth data at the household level in existing surveys within the country, which obscures disparities within couples. To overcome this limitation, this article uses new personal wealth data from an original survey conducted in 2022 in the province of Québec (N: 4816). The analyses were performed using quantile regression and decomposition at the 70th, 80th, and 90th quantiles. The results reveal significant wealth inequalities favoring men that appear even more pronounced among partnered adults than those who are unpartnered. The gender wealth gap is partly explained by differences in income and ownership of real estate other than the principal residence between men and women. However, a substantial portion of this gap remains unexplained. These findings highlight the need to collect wealth data at both household and individual levels in Canada to better understand gender-based economic disparities. They also call for more research on the processes underpinning the gender wealth gap by suggesting that it does not simply reflect the wage gap between men and women.
Résumé
Le patrimoine individuel joue un rôle de plus en plus important dans la planification de la retraite et la protection contre les risques de la vie. Toutefois, peu de recherches ont porté sur l’écart de patrimoine entre les hommes et les femmes au Canada. Cet écart reste largement inexploré en raison de la collecte des données sur le patrimoine réalisée exclusivement au niveau des ménages dans les enquêtes existantes au pays, ce qui occulte les disparités au sein des couples. Pour pallier cette limite, cet article utilise de nouvelles données sur le patrimoine individuel tirées d’une enquête originale menée en 2022 dans la province de Québec (N : 4 816). Les analyses ont été réalisées à l’aide de régressions quantiles et de décompositions aux 70e, 80e et 90e percentiles. Les résultats révèlent d’importantes inégalités de richesse en faveur des hommes, qui semblent encore plus prononcées chez les adultes en couple que chez ceux qui ne le sont pas. L’écart de richesse entre les genres s’explique en partie par les différences de revenus et de propriété de biens immobiliers autres que la résidence principale entre les hommes et les femmes. Toutefois, une part importante de cet écart reste inexpliquée. Ces résultats soulignent la nécessité de collecter des données sur le patrimoine individuel au Canada afin de mieux comprendre les disparités économiques fondées sur le genre. Ils invitent également à des recherches plus approfondies sur les processus qui sous-tendent l’écart de patrimoine entre les hommes et les femmes, en suggérant qu’il ne reflète pas simplement l’écart salarial entre eux et elles.
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The funding for the data collection came from the program Action concertée de recherche sur la pauvreté et l’exclusion sociale, phase 4 of the Fonds de recherche du Québec Société Culture (FRQSC), which benefited from the financial support of the following partners: the ministère de l’Éducation (MEQ), the ministère de l’Immigration, de la Francisation et de l’Inclusion (MIFI), the ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux (MSSS), the ministère du Travail, de l’Emploi et de la Solidarité sociale (MTESS), the ministère des Affaires municipales et de l’Habitation (MAMH), the Secrétariat aux aînés (SA MSSS), and the FRQSC. Grant number is 2020-0EXR-283156.
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Pugliese, M., Benoit, P., Diallo, M. et al. The Gender Wealth Gap in Québec. Can. Stud. Popul. 50, 7 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42650-023-00078-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42650-023-00078-6