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Effect of wheat starch as filler on NR/SBR blends

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Abstract

Carbon black (CB) has been used for over one-hundred years as a reinforcing filler in rubber matrix. In order to reduce our dependence on fossil resources, attempts have been made to develop renewable biofillers such as starch in the rubber industry. In this study, NR/SBR blends (50/50) were prepared with different loading of wheat starch (5, 10, 20, 35 and 50 phr). A semi-efficient sulphur vulcanization system (semi-EV) was employed. The curing characteristics of the compounds were determined with a Monsanto Rheometer at 130, 140 and 150 °C. The properties of unfilled and filled NR/SBR blends prepared at 150 °C were evaluated by swelling measurements, tensile tester, dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the optimal cure time, minimum torque, and maximum torque of filled NR/SBR blends were improved. It was found that the tensile strength and the elongation at break of wheat starch filled NR/SBR blends were maximal with the incorporation of 20 phr of wheat starch. The chemical crosslink densities were found to follow the mechanical properties. The results of DMA indicated that incorporation of wheat starch led to an increase in the glass transition temperature whilst reducing the mobility of macromolecular chains of NR/SBR mixtures, and on the other hand improved their slip resistance on wet surfaces, thus indicating its potential application in the manufacture of tyre tread.

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Data availability

The experimental data are available from Figure 8 of the paper which show tan δ as a function of temperature of cured NR/SBR blends (without filler and filled with 20 and 50 phr of starch). This figure demonstrates that the incorporation of filler leads on one hand, to an increase in the transition temperature and, on the other, to an increase in the values of tan δ at 0 °C, which may be beneficial in improving the rolling resistance and wet skid resistance of tyres.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the School of Materials and Minerals Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia for the cooperation and facilities provided to conduct this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Petrochemical, Faculty of Engineering, University 20 August 1955 Skikda, Route El Hadaiek, BP 26, 21000, Skikda, Algeria

    Zohra Djetoui

  2. Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université Ferhat Abbas Sétif1, Campus El Maabouda, Route Bejaïa, 19000, Sétif, Algeria

    Ferhat Djerboua

  3. School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia

    Hanafi Ismail

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  1. Zohra Djetoui
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  2. Ferhat Djerboua
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Correspondence to Zohra Djetoui.

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Djetoui, Z., Djerboua, F. & Ismail, H. Effect of wheat starch as filler on NR/SBR blends. J Rubber Res 26, 271–278 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42464-023-00206-6

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