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Investigating Strength Anisotropy of Plain and Steel Fiber Reinforced Shotcrete

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Abstract

Shotcrete is a key initial rock support component used in underground mining and civil projects. The strength of shotcrete plays a vital role in providing and deciding the support adequacy. The strength of shotcrete is evaluated by its uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) test that is usually conducted on extracted core samples. Shotcrete cores are commonly extracted from the test panels along the direction of its application; thus, its strength perpendicular to the direction of application is often neglected. The true bearing strength of shotcrete is thereby ignored despite the fact that higher stresses act normal to the direction of its application. Although the anisotropic behavior of shotcrete is well reported, no study has reported extensive testing of this scale and nature. This study reports extensive testing of shotcrete cores extracted from tunnels of a mega hydroelectric project in Pakistan. The study reports 7- and 28-days strength tests of shotcrete cores. The research also investigates the anisotropic behavior of steel fiber reinforced shotcrete and suggests that shotcrete exhibits higher strength perpendicular to the direction of its application.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are very grateful for the contributions of all field engineers and laboratory staff who participated in data collection and other facilitation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Engineering and Technology (UET) Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

    Muhammad Usman Khan, Muhammad Zaka Emad, Muhammad Azeem Raza & Saqib Ahmad Saki

  2. NESPAK, National Engineering Services, Lahore, Pakistan

    Muhammad Usman Tahir

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Appendix

Appendix

Tables

Table 4 Plain shotcrete UCS tests results after 7 and 28 days
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Table 5 Average UCS of plane shotcrete
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Table 6 SFR shotcrete UCS tests results after 7 and 28 days
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Table 7 Average compressive strength test results of SFR shotcrete
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7

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Khan, M.U., Tahir, M.U., Emad, M.Z. et al. Investigating Strength Anisotropy of Plain and Steel Fiber Reinforced Shotcrete. Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration 40, 291–303 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42461-022-00715-9

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