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Modeling and Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Haloxylon Scoparium Aerial Parts

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Abstract

The aim of this research is to optimize the extraction of phenolic compounds from the aerial parts of Haloxylon scoparium by employing ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and subsequently compare the results with those obtained through a conventional extraction method (maceration). Additionally, a novel physics-based metaheuristic optimization algorithm known as the Henry gas solubility optimizer (HGSO) is introduced to fine-tune the extraction conditions for achieving maximum phenolic compound yield. The response surface methodology (RSM) is employed to develop a mathematical model for the total phenolic compound content (TPC). Based on the optimal results obtained through HGSO for UAE method, a maximum phenolic compound yield of 191.88 mg GAE/g DM was achieved, with a solid–liquid ratio of 5 g/mL, a 60% methanol concentration, and a 40-min sonication period. While the yield obtained through maceration was 105.87 mg GAE/g DM. The TPC extracted from both UAE and maceration was quantified using LC–ESI–MS/MS analysis. Moreover, our comparative analysis unveiled that the UAE surpassed the conventional extraction method in several key aspects. Specifically, it exhibited superior performance in terms of extraction yield (outperforming the traditional method by 44%), total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activities. These comparisons were based on the results of four distinct assays: DPPH, ABTS, reducing power, and phenanthroline. Our study provides valuable insights into the correlation between phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities. UAE not only achieved higher phenolic compound yields but also demonstrated enhanced antioxidant activity within a short extraction time. This eco-friendly method of extraction holds great potential as a source of antioxidants and finds applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries.

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There is no supplementary information. All the data are in the manuscript.

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Acknowledgements

This research study was supported by the Algerian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. The authors would like to acknowledge the technical staff of the National Center for Biotechnology Research (C.R.Bt), Constantine, Algeria, for their material support.

Funding

The work is financed by the Algerian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biotechnology, Water, Environment and Health Laboratory, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Abbes Laghrour University of Khenchela, 40000, Khenchela, Algeria

    Amal Hamdellou, Kenza Kadi & Nawal Mekersi

  2. Natural Resources and Management of Sensitive Environments Laboratory, Larbi Ben M’hidi University, 04000, Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria

    Dalila Addad

  3. Department of Nature and Life Sciences, Institute of Science and Technologies, University Center Abdelhafid Bousouf, 43000, Mila, Algeria

    Hakima Belattar & Yacine Torche

  4. Laboratory of Environmental Engineering Processes, University of Constantine 3, Constantine, Algeria

    Mohamed-el-Amine Ikhlef

  5. Center de Recherche en Mécanique (CRM), BP 73 B, 25000, Constantine, Algeria

    Hammoudi Abderazek

Authors
  1. Amal Hamdellou
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  2. Dalila Addad
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  3. Kenza Kadi
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Contributions

In this research, AH served as the lead author and played a key role in designing the study and preparing the initial draft of the manuscript. The interpretation of the results was a collaborative effort, with valuable contributions from DA, KK, RE, CB, IY, and MHA. HA took charge of developing and coding the sophisticated algorithm employed in the article, also taking responsibility for writing the optimization section. Furthermore, HA played an essential role in meticulously reviewing and refining the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Hammoudi Abderazek.

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Hamdellou, A., Addad, D., Kadi, K. et al. Modeling and Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Haloxylon Scoparium Aerial Parts. Chemistry Africa 7, 689–703 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42250-023-00798-x

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