Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Evaluation on the Activity of Surfactant Immobilized and Metal Cation Exchanged Impregnated Montmorillonite Nanoclays on Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Chemistry Africa Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Nanoclay minerals received considerable importance in the field of material applications and organic synthesis because of natural occurrence, greater surface area, good selectivity, ion exchange properties, economical, functional simplicity, easy modification, and environmental acceptability. The eco-friendly liquid-phase oxidation reaction of benzyl alcohol over modified nanoclays such as metal cation exchanged impregnated nanoclays and surfactant immobilized with oxyanions of Cr(VI) and Mn(VII) yields benzaldehyde. Surfactant immobilized (HDTMA-Cr(VI)/Mn(VII)-MMT-nanoclays) and impregnated Mn+-MMT-Cr(VI)/Mn(VII)-nanoclays were prepared and the activity of modified nanoclays were studied. The oxidation reactions were carried out by varying the molar mass of the modified nanoclays with active species, reaction period and amount of catalyst on the yield of benzaldehyde. Surfactant immobilized nanoclays were found to be more active than impregnated nanoclays. The percentage yield of the product was calculated using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivative. The materials used for this analysis were examined under different characterization techniques like XRD, SEM and TGA. From the XRD spectra was observed that the interlamellar spacing of montmorillonite nanoclay, Al3+-MMT-nanoclay, HDTMA-Cr(VI)-MMT-nanoclay and HDTMA-Mn(VII)-MMT-nanoclay were 9.81Å, 9.931 Å, 27.6 Å and 28.0 Å respectively. The superficial area of montmorillonite nanoclay has higher than modified nanoclay which was confirmed by SEM images. The TGA analysis stated that the used nanomaterial is thermally stable. The product obtained, benzaldehyde was indicated by TLC and confirmed by spectral studies like FTIR, 1H NMR and GC–MS. The activity of regenerated modified nanoclays was studied under standard experimental conditions up to the fourth generation. The result of different solvents on the yield of aldehyde was determined. The materials used are naturally occurring, safe to handle, environmentally friendly and reusable.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Reddy CR, Vijayakumar B, Iyengar P (2004) Synthesis of phenylacetates using aluminium-exchanged montmorillonite clay catalyst. J Mol Catal A Chem 223:117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Yining X, Rubino M, Auras R (2013) Detection and quantification of montmorillonite nanoclay in water-ethanol solutions by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Food Addit Contamin Part A 30(12):2177

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Uddin F (2008) Clays, nanoclays, and montmorillonite minerals. Metall Mater Trans 39:2804

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Bahari A, Ashrafi F, Babenejad A, Barimani F, Sedghi K, Habibzadeh N (2011) Investigation and characterization of Nano clay structures. Arch Appl Sci Res 3(3):462

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Manocha S, Patel N, Manocha LM (2008) Development and characterisation of nanoclays from Indian clays. Defence Sci J 58:517

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Assaedi H, Shaikh FUA, Low IM (2016) Effect of nanoclay on durability and mechanical properties of flax fabric reinforced geopolymer composites. J Asian Ceram Soc 4:19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Vijayakumar B, Iyengar P, Nagendrappa G, Jai Praksh BS (2005) Direct esterification of carboxylic acid with p-cresol catalyzed by acid activated Indian bentonite. Indian J Chem 44B:1950

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Andrade FA, Al-Qureshi HA, Hotza D (2011) Measuring the plasticity of clays: a review. Appl Clay Sci 51:1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Kurian M, Kavitha S (2016) A Review on the importance of pillared interlayered clays in green chemical catalysis. IOSR J Appl Chem (IOSR-JAC) 2016:47

    Google Scholar 

  10. Nagendrappa G (2002) Organic synthesis using clay catalyst. Resonance 2002:64

    Google Scholar 

  11. Verma RS (2002) Clay and clay-supported reagents in organic synthesis. Tetrahedron 58:1235

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Dasgupta S, Török B (2009) Application of clay catalysts in organic synthesis—a review. Org Prep Proced Int N J 40(1):1

    Google Scholar 

  13. Mogilaiah K, Sakram B, Montmorillonite F (2006) K10 clay catalyzed Friedlander synthesis of 1,8-naphthyrydines in dry media under microwave irradiation. Indian J Chem 45B:2749

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kumar BS, Dhakshinamoorthy A, Pitchumani K (2014) K10 montmorillonite clays as environmentally benign catalysts for organic reactions. Catal. Sci, Technol, p 1

    Google Scholar 

  15. LiLi G, HuiZhou C, SaverioFiore Wei HuaYu (2019) Interactions between microorganisms and clay minerals: new insights and broader applications. Appl Clay Sci 177:91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Suma N, Jai Prakash BS, Iyengar P (2011) Oxidation of phenol, o-nitro phenol, o-chloro phenol and trichloroethylene present in water using surfactant immobilized manganate and impregnated metal cations. Silicon 3:13

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Bhaskar M, Surekha M, Suma N (2018) Esterification of phenylacetic acid with p-cresol using metal cation exchanged montmorillonite nanoclay catalysts. R Soc Open Sci 5:171378

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Reddy CR, Iyengar P, Nagendrapp G, Jai Prakash BS (2005) Esterification of succinic anhydride to di-(p-cresyl) succinate over Mn+-montmorillonite clay catalysts. J Mol Catal A Chem 229:31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Vogels RJMJ, Kloprogge JT, Geus JW (2005) Catalytic activity of synthetic saponite clays: effects of tetrahedral and octahedral composition. J Catal 231:443

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Motokura K, Fujita N, Mori K, Mizugaki T, Ebitani K, Kaneda K (2005) An acidic layered clay is combined with a basic layered clay for one-pot sequential reactions. J Am Chem Soc 125:9674

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Jawaid M, Qaiss AK, Bouhfid R (2016) Nanoclay reinforced polymer composites. Springer, Singapore

    Book  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express gratitude to Mr Mauricio de O. Vaz, L3F Nano, Institute of Physics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil for characterization assistance. The authors also acknowledge Management and Principal (Dr N Rana Pratap Reddy), Global Academy of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India for laboratory facilities.

Funding

There is no funding received for this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Global Academy of Technology, RR Nagar, Bengaluru, 560098, Karnataka, India

    M. Bhaskar & N. Suma

  2. Department of Chemistry, The Oxford College of Engineering, Bommanahalli, Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560068, Karnataka, India

    M. Surekha

Authors
  1. M. Bhaskar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Surekha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. N. Suma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Bhaskar.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bhaskar, M., Surekha, M. & Suma, N. Evaluation on the Activity of Surfactant Immobilized and Metal Cation Exchanged Impregnated Montmorillonite Nanoclays on Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol. Chemistry Africa 3, 351–361 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42250-020-00125-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42250-020-00125-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation