Abstract
When the rotary blood pumps are used as ventricular assist devices, the pump flow rate will have a pulsatile component even at a constant impeller rotational speed due to the remaining beating of the natural heart. However, previous studies on the in vitro hemolysis evaluation of a rotary blood pump have always been conducted under steady states and this pulsation was not taken into account. In this study, the hemolysis in a centrifugal blood pump is evaluated under the pulsatile flow condition in vitro. The required time-varying flow rate is obtained by conducting a system simulation of the pump-assisted cardiovascular system, and realized by controlling a pulsation unit in the experiments. The results of our tests indicate a significant increase in hemolysis under the pulsatile flow condition compared with the non-pulsatile condition. To reveal the flow characteristics responsible for the higher hemolysis, transient computational fluid dynamic simulations are then performed. This study suggests that traditional hemolysis evaluation under the steady states may not fully represent the hemolytic performance in the clinical use. For the ventricular assist pumps at the design stage, eliminating the concern about the extra hemolysis under the pulsatile condition will be helpful for the subsequent in vivo experiments.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Jeffrey A., LaRose, Tamez D. et al. Design concepts and principle of operation of the HeartWare ventricular assist system [J]. ASAIO Journal, 2010, 56(4): 285–289.
Daners M. S., Kaufmann F., Amacher R. et al. Left ventricular assist devices: challenges toward sustaining longterm patient care [J]. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2017, 24(8): 1836–1851.
Yamazaki K., Saito S., Kihara S. et al. Completely pulsatile high flow circulatory support with a constant-speed centrifugal blood pump: Mechanisms and early clinical observations [J]. General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2007, 55(4): 158–162.
Noor M. R., Ho C. H., Parker K. H. et al. Investigation of the characteristics of HeartWare HVAD and Thoratec HeartMate II under steady and pulsatile flow conditions [J]. Artificial Organs, 2015, 40(6): 549–560.
Taskin M. E., Fraser K. H., Zhang T. et al. Computational characterization of flow and hemolytic performance of the UltraMag blood pump for circulatory support [J]. Artificial Organs, 2010, 34(12): 1099–1113.
Li T. Y., Ye L., Hong F. W. et al. The simulation of multiphase flow field in implantable blood pump and analysis of hemolytic capability [J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics, 2013, 25(4): 606–615.
Han Q., Zou J., Ruan X. et al. A novel design of spiral groove bearing in a hydrodynamically levitated centrifugal rotary blood pump [J]. Artificial Organs, 2012, 36(8): 739–746.
Vandenberghe S., Segers P., Meyns B. et al. Effect of rotary blood pump failure on left ventricular energetics assessed by mathematical modeling [J]. Artificial Organs, 2002, 26(12): 1032–1039.
Shi Y., Lawford P. V., Hose D. R. Numerical modeling of hemodynamics with pulsatile impeller pump support [J]. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2010, 38(8): 2621–2634.
Shi Y., Korakianitis T. Numerical simulation of cardiovascular dynamics with left heart failure and in-series pulsatile ventricular assist device [J]. Artificial Organs, 2006, 30(12): 929–948.
Vermette P., Thibault J., Laroche G. A continuous and pulsatile flow circulation system for evaluation of cardiovascular devices [J]. Artificial Organs, 1998, 22(9): 746–752.
Han Q. Research on structure design and hemocompatibility of hydrodynamic bearing in artificial heart [D]. Doctoral Thesis, Hangzhou, China: Zhejiang University, 2012(in Chinese).
Kosaka R., Yasui K., Nishida M. et al. Optimal bearing gap of a multiarc radial bearing in a hydrodynamically levitated centrifugal blood pump for the reduction of hemolysis [J]. Artificial Organs, 2014, 38(9): 818–822.
Kataoka H., Kimura Y., Fujita H. et al. Influence of radial clearance and rotor motion to hemolysis in a journal bearing of a centrifugal blood pump [J]. Artificial Organs, 2006, 30(11): 841–854.
Luo X. W., Ji B., Zhuang B. T. et al. A miniature pump with a fluid dynamic bearing [J]. Science China Technological Sciences, 2012, 55(3): 795–801.
Garon A., Farinas M. I. Fast three-dimensional numerical hemolysis approximation [J]. Artificial Organs, 2004, 28(11): 1016–1025.
Giersiepen M., Wurzinger L., Opitz R. et al. Estimation of shear stress-related blood damage in heart valve prostheses?in vitro comparison of 25 aortic valves [J]. The International Journal of Artificial Organs, 1990, 13(5): 300..
Ozturk C., Aka I. B., Lazoglu I. Effect of blade curvature on the hemolytic and hydraulic characteristics of a centrifugal blood pump [J]. The International Journal of Artificial Organs, 2018, 41(11): 730–737.
Taskin M. E., Fraser K. H., Zhang T. et al. Evaluation of Eulerian and Lagrangian models for hemolysis estimation [J]. ASAIO Journal, 2012, 58(4): 363–372.
Song X. W., Throckmorton A. L., Wood H. G. et al. Quantitative evaluation of blood damage in a centrifugal VAD by computational fluid dynamics [J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 2004, 126(3): 410–418.
Chen H. X., Ma Z., Zhang W. et al. On the hydrodynamics of hydraulic machinery and flow control [J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics, 2017, 29(5): 782–789.
Song X. W., Untaroiu A., Wood H. G. et al. Design and transient computational fluid dynamics study of a continuous axial flow ventricular assist device [J]. ASAIO Journal, 2004, 50(3): 215–224.
Throckmorton A. L., Tahir S. A., Lopes S. P. et al. Steady and transient flow analysis of a magnetically levitated pediatric VAD: Time varying boundary conditions [J]. The International Journal of Artificial Organs, 2013, 36(10): 693–699.
Tsang A. C. O., Yiu B. Y. S., Tang A. Y. S. et al. The effect of downstream resistance on flow diverter treatment of a cerebral aneurysm at a bifurcation: A joint computational- experimental study [J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics, 2018, 30(5): 803–814.
Tayama E., Nakazawa T., Takami Y. et al. The hemolysis test of the Gyro C1E3 pump in pulsatile mode [J]. Artificial Organs, 1997, 21(7): 675–679.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51505455), the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51221004).
Biography: Huan Li (1987-), Female, Ph. D.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, H., Gou, Z., Huang, F. et al. Evaluation of the hemolysis and fluid dynamics of a ventricular assist device under the pulsatile flow condition. J Hydrodyn 31, 965–975 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42241-018-0154-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42241-018-0154-y