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Synergistic effect of Bacillus subtilis and benzothiadiazole (Bion®) on the suppression of Fusarium oxysporum and the enhancement of disease resistance in Capsicum annuum

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Abstract

Fusarium wilt disease of pepper caused by Fusarium oxysporum is a devastating disease causing severe crop losses. The present study investigated the efficacy of benzothiadiazole (Bion®) and of indigenous rhizobacteria as potential biocontrol agents to manage this disease. Pathogenicity tests results demonstrated that isolate “F3”, identified as Fusarium oxysporum, caused higher disease severity (85%) than other isolates. Out of eight bacterial strains, isolate “RB4,” identified as Bacillus subtilis, showed a strong antifungal potential by causing higher (60%) mycelial growth reduction of F. oxysporum. The combined in vitro seed treatment with Bion® and B. subtilis increased the germination rate (84%) of pepper seeds. The germination rate caused by the combined treatment was relatively higher than the rates obtained when Bion® (65%) and B. subtilis (79%) were applied individually and significantly higher than those of the infected control (50%). In greenhouse experiments, we also documented a promising reduction in disease severity (64.7% and 70.6%) in plants treated with Bion® and B. subtilis. Moreover, the application of the conventional fungicide “captan” also showed considerable reduction in disease severity (88.2%). These results indicate that the combined application of Bion® and B. subtilis significantly increased their capability to combat fungal pathogens by reducing disease severity. Additionally, the application of B. subtilis and Bion® increased (0.12 and 0.19 g/kg Fw, respectively) the total phenol contents in treated plants, compared to plants treated only with the fungicide and to infected control (0.06 g/kg Fw) plants. The results of the present study suggested that the use of naturally occurring bacterial microbes as putative biocontrol in combination with Bion® may be considered a promising method for the control of Fusarium wilt disease of pepper, and the combined application of these treatments probably induces pathogen resistance in plants.

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Abbreviations

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

BTH:

Benzothiadiazole (Bion®)

BLAST:

The Basic Local Alignment Search Tool

CFU:

Colony forming units

ITS:

Internal Transcribed Spacer

NA:

Nutrient ager

NCBI:

The National Center for Biotechnology Information

OD:

Optical Density

PDA:

Potato dextrose agar

PR:

Pathogenesis-related

rRNA:

Ribosomal ribonucleic acid

SAR:

Systemic acquired resistance

TPC:

Total Phenols Content

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Acknowledgements

This research work was funded by Institutional Fund Project under grant no “IFPIP: 76-155-1443”. The authors gratefully acknowledge technical and financial support provided by the Ministry of Education and King Abdulaziz University, DSR, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

This research work was Funded by Institutional Fund Project under grant no “IFPIP: 76-155-1443”by the Ministry of Education and King Abdulaziz University, DSR, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Kamal A.M Abo-Elyousr and Muhammad Imran shared the first authorship and contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 80208, Saudi Arabia

    Kamal A. M. Abo-Elyousr, Magdy A. A Mousa & Muhammad Imran

  2. Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Assiut, Assiut, 71526, Egypt

    Nashwa M.A Sallam

  3. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt

    Ismail R. Abdel-Rahim

Authors
  1. Kamal A. M. Abo-Elyousr
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  2. Nashwa M.A Sallam
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  3. Magdy A. A Mousa
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  4. Muhammad Imran
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  5. Ismail R. Abdel-Rahim
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Contributions

Data curation, KAMA, NMAS and MAAM; Formal analysis, IRA; Funding acquisition, KAMA and MAAM; Investigation, NMAS; Methodology, IRA; Project administration, MAAM; Resources, KAMA; Software, NMAS; Supervision, KAMA and NMAS; Visualization, KAMA; Writing—original draft, KAMA, and MAAM; Writing—review and editing, KAMA and IRA.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kamal A. M. Abo-Elyousr.

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Abo-Elyousr, K.A.M., Sallam, N.M., Mousa, M.A. et al. Synergistic effect of Bacillus subtilis and benzothiadiazole (Bion®) on the suppression of Fusarium oxysporum and the enhancement of disease resistance in Capsicum annuum. J Plant Pathol 106, 127–138 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-023-01527-6

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