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Experimental study on the burning behaviors of 21700 lithium-ion batteries with high specific energy after different immersion duration

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Abstract

The seawater immersion test is one of the essential indicators for evaluating the safety of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this work, 3.5 wt% salt in water as surrogate seawater was used in LIB immersion experiments, and the combustion behaviors, surface temperature, mass loss, and heat flux during thermal runaway (TR) of LIBs were analyzed after different immersion duration (tim, 0 h, 2 h, 3 h, 6 h), to evaluate the thermal stability of cells. The experimental results showed that the fire behavior of the 21700 cylinders with 50% state of charge (SOC) was less severe than that with 100% SOC. For 100% SOC cells, the maximum temperature decreased sharply suffering tim of 6 h, whose temperature of TR (Ttr) was lower than that of 50% SOC cells, and the maximum battery surface temperature (Tmax) was higher than that of the 50% SOC cases. Total mass loss (TML) decreased with the increase of tim for 100% and 50% SOC batteries, which of 50% SOC LIBs was much lower than that of 100% SOC LIBs. For LIBs after different tim, the heat flux presented almost the same tendency during combustion tests. This work further investigated the TR characteristics of 21700 cylinders after immersion, which could help improve LIB safety.

Graphical abstract

The burning behaviors of 21700 cylinders after different immersion duration were investigated, which might help evaluate the fire risk of batteries and improve safety

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Funding

This work was financially supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2021B1515130008), the Open Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of Fire Science (No. HZ2020-KF01), Anhui Province Outstanding Young Talents Support Program (No.gxyqZD2022058), and the Project of Anhui Jianzhu University 2019 Talent Research Program under No. 2019QDZ21. The authors acknowledge the financial support of Taif University Researchers Supporting Project number (TURSP-2020/158), Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia, National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51906238), Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province (No. 20210302123017), Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China (No. 2022-139), and Fund Program for the Scientific Activities of Selected Returned Overseas Professionals in Shanxi Province (No. 20220012).

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Author notes

  1. Xuehui Wang

    Present address: State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui, 230026, China

  2. Chao Ding and Nannan Zhu contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei Anhui, 230601, China

    Chao Ding & Nannan Zhu

  2. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui, 230026, China

    Chao Ding, Nannan Zhu & Jian Wang

  3. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia

    A. Alhadhrami, M. H. H. Mahmoud & Mohamed M. Ibrahim

  4. School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan Shanxi, 030051, China

    Que Huang & Changcheng Liu

  5. School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha Hunan, 410010, China

    Que Huang

  6. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China

    Mina Huang

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Contributions

Chao Ding: formal analysis, writing—original draft. Nannan Zhu: data curation. Xuehui Wang: methodology, validation. A. Alhadhrami: visualization. M.H.H. Mahmoud: investigation. Mohamed M. Ibrahim: software. Que Huang: project administration, writing—review and editing. Changcheng Liu: supervision. Mina Huang: resources. Jian Wang: conceptualization, funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Chao Ding, Xuehui Wang, Que Huang or Jian Wang.

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Ding, C., Zhu, N., Wang, X. et al. Experimental study on the burning behaviors of 21700 lithium-ion batteries with high specific energy after different immersion duration. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater 5, 2575–2588 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-022-00536-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-022-00536-w

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