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Study on the Thermal Runaway and Its Propagation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Under Low Pressure

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Abstract

When lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are located at high altitude and low pressure,the characteristics of thermal runaway (TR) and its propagation are different,such as time to TR, the toxicity of TR gases, TR propagation time, mass loss rate, etc. In this article, the author summarized a series of relevant literatures and proposed an instrument that can be used to analyse the TR behavior at different pressure. It is found that: with the decrease of ambient pressure, the TR trigger time becomes longer and the maximum surface temperature decrease. Moreover, the gas released by TR becomes more toxic as the environmental pressure decreases. Beside, the average propagation time between adjacent LIBs is not much difference when the environmental pressure decreases, and when the 18,650 battery module is distributed in a cylindrical shape, the thermal runaway propagation path is basically unchanged as the environmental pressure decreases. This work details TR and its propagation feature under different pressure, and can provide the guidelines for the Air transportation of LIBs.

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Abbreviations

LIB:

Lithium-ion battery

FAA:

Federal Aviation Administration

TR:

Thermal runaway

FED:

Fractional effective dose

ppm:

Parts per million

T 1 :

Self-generated heat temperature (°C)

T 2 :

Temperature of thermal runaway (°C)

T max :

Maximum temperature of thermal runaway (°C)

T max-surface :

Maximum temperature of surface

NCM:

Li (NixCoy Mnz) O2

t TR :

Time of thermal runaway (s)

T TR :

Temperature of during thermal runaway (°C)

T valve :

Temperature of valve (°C)

Δti#−(i+1)# :

The time of thermal runaway propagation interval (s)

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Funding

State key laboratory of explosion science and technology funded project (Grant Number ZDKT17-03), Special Project of Innovation Experimental Platform from China People’s Police University (2019sycxpd001).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. China People’s Police University, Langfang, China

    Huaibin Wang & Qinzheng Wang

  2. State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China

    Huaibin Wang, Zhiming Du, Ling Liu, Zelin Zhang, Jinyuan Hao & Shuang Wang

Authors
  1. Huaibin Wang
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  2. Zhiming Du
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  3. Ling Liu
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  4. Zelin Zhang
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  5. Jinyuan Hao
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  6. Qinzheng Wang
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  7. Shuang Wang
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Correspondence to Zhiming Du.

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Wang, H., Du, Z., Liu, L. et al. Study on the Thermal Runaway and Its Propagation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Under Low Pressure. Fire Technol 56, 2427–2440 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-020-00963-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-020-00963-5

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