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Geomorphological changes of river Surma due to climate change

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Abstract

Globally, Bangladesh is one of the most climate-vulnerable countries due to its low-lying topography, high population density, and unique geographic location. It is well-established that the influences of changing climate are inducing variability in the temperature and rainfall patterns of the country, which in turn impacts the hydrological conditions of the major river systems. Surma river, a transboundary river that flows through Sylhet Division in Bangladesh, drains one of the world’s heaviest rainfall areas—Cherrapunji of Meghalaya in India. The present study aims to investigate the impact of climate change on the Surma river’s morphological features such as depth, width, bank-line shifting, etc. by employing a bibliometric assessment of relevant literature and data analysis from USGS and NASA. The findings indicate that between 2016 and 2021, the percentage of water bodies in the upstream and downstream portions of Surma river decreased from 18.3% and 31.7% to 8.2% and 24.1%, respectively, impacting the rate of groundwater recharge. In addition, increased rainfall, erosion, and sediment deposition near the riverbank caused the river’s retaining capacity to decrease and consequently, resulting in frequent flooding events. Moreover, the effects of climate change on the Surma river are impacting the fisheries and agricultural activities of the surrounding area. It is anticipated that the findings of the present study will assist in developing an effective water resource management strategy to mitigate impacts of climatic change-induced natural disasters, such as floods and other hydrologic events in this region.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study will be made available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

AI:

Artificial intelligence

BOD:

Biological oxygen demand

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

DO:

Dissolved oxygen

FC:

Fecal coliforms

GIS:

Geographic information system

IPCC:

Inter-governmental panel on climate change

LULC:

Land use and land cover

NTU:

Nephelometric turbidity unit

RS:

Remote sensing

SDG:

Sustainable development goal

SRS:

Satellite remote sensing

TDS:

Total dissolved solids

TSS:

Total suspended solids

USGS:

United States Geological Survey

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank all who assisted in conducting this work.

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  1. M. S. Haque

    Present address: Department of Biological Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North South University, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh

    S. E. Haque, N. Nahar, N. N. Chowdhury, T. K. Sayanno & M. S. Haque

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  1. S. E. Haque
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  2. N. Nahar
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  3. N. N. Chowdhury
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  4. T. K. Sayanno
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Contributions

SEH and NN—supervision, project administration, conceptualization, literature review, methodology, data curation and analysis, manuscript reviewing and writing; NNC and TKS—conceptualization, reviewing the literature, data curation and analysis, methodology draft preparation, reviewing and writing; MSH—reviewing the literature, data curation, reviewing and writing.

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Correspondence to M. S. Haque.

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Appendix

Appendix

See Tables 8 and 9.

Table 8 Precipitation rate for the studied years (2001–21).
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Table 9 Total precipitation amount for the studied years (2001–21).
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Haque, S.E., Nahar, N., Chowdhury, N.N. et al. Geomorphological changes of river Surma due to climate change. Int J Energ Water Res (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42108-023-00275-8

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