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Contamination of potable water supply sources in the lead–zinc mining communities of Mkpuma Akpatakpa, Southeastern Nigeria

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Abstract

Mining for lead–zinc, and associated minerals has been going on for decades in the Mkpuma Akpatakpa area, and the release of accumulated metallic trace elements (MTEs) and potentially harmful elements (PHEs) is unavoidable. The Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric method was used to analyze potable water supply sources in communities via mine tailings, stream sediments, mine wastewater discharge, impounded pond water, rivers, streams, and groundwater sources. This is to assess the effects of mining and mineralization in the area, as well as the concentrations of MTEs and PHEs in public and domestic water supply sources. Surface water sources, including mine ponds and rivers, had high levels of Pb, Cr, Hg, Ni, Cd, Zn, Fe, Mn, and As, surpassing the drinking water threshold, especially in the mining zones and downstream. High quantities of Pb, Mn, Cd, Ag, Hg, Co, As, and Fe (upstream and downstream) were found in groundwater sources, exceeding drinking water limits. This shows that mineralization has had a significant impact in the area. High quantities of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, and As were found in mine tailings and stream sediments, respectively, as well as Zn, Cd, As, and Pb. Both anthropogenic and geogenic factors are responsible for the contamination in the area. A pipe-borne water supply is needed to alleviate the health status of the inhabitants.

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  1. Department of Geology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria

    P. N. Obasi, M. O. Eyankware & E. N. Edene

  2. Geomoses Consultancy Limited, Warri, Delta State, Nigeria

    M. O. Eyankware

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Obasi, P.N., Eyankware, M.O. & Edene, E. . Contamination of potable water supply sources in the lead–zinc mining communities of Mkpuma Akpatakpa, Southeastern Nigeria. Int J Energ Water Res (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42108-022-00199-9

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