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Factors influencing undergraduate students’ green entrepreneurial intentions: evidence from an emerging economy

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Abstract

Scholars are concerned about the adverse effects of traditional business ventures on the environment and society. So, humans need to embrace a green lifestyle to promote a sustainable future for the environment and society. The growing body of academic research on “going green” brings an innovative perspective to the traditional idea of entrepreneurial activity. Green entrepreneurship aims to uphold classic entrepreneurial ideas while bringing innovative opportunities for the environment and society. Therefore, this study examines the factors influencing undergraduate students' green entrepreneurial intentions. A structured questionnaire was utilized, and a convenience sampling technique was employed to collect sample data from 359 undergraduate students. Structural equation modeling was utilized to test the different relationships. The study results revealed that attitude toward entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial knowledge, entrepreneurial motivation, personality traits, environmental value, commitment to the environment, and university green entrepreneurial support significantly and positively impact students' green entrepreneurial intentions. Among these variables, environmental value has the most significant impact on entrepreneurial intentions. The main contribution of this research is the inclusion of a novel higher-order construct, personality traits, into the existing literature on entrepreneurship. It comprises four subordinate components: proactiveness for entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, risk propensity, and need for achievement. Additionally, the study promotes green entrepreneurship to sustain the ecosystem and nature. It will help investors, business people, universities, students, and society to initiate proper directions.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are not openly available due to securing the anonymity of the respondents and their institutions. However, anonymized data sets are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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  1. General Education Department, City University, Khagan, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh

    Sanjoy Kumar Roy

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Appendix A

Appendix A

Measurement items

Attitude toward entrepreneurship (ATE)

1. A career as an entrepreneur is attractive to me

(Liñán & Chen, 2009)

2. If I had the opportunity and resources, I’d like to start a firm or business

3. Being an entrepreneur would entail great satisfaction for me

4. Being an entrepreneur implies more advantages for me

5. Among various options, I would rather be an entrepreneur

Entrepreneurial knowledge (EK)

1. I have sufficient knowledge of the legal requirements to start a business

(Roxas, 2014)

2. I know how to find the resources (e.g., financial) to set up a business

3. I have sufficient knowledge to organize a business

4. I have sufficient knowledge in marketing a product/service

5. I have sufficient knowledge in commercializing a business idea

6. I have sufficient knowledge in managing a business

University green entrepreneurial support (UES)

1. My university offers elective courses on green entrepreneurship

(Hameed et al., 2021; Mustafa et al., 2016; Qazi et al., 2020; Saeed et al., 2015)

2. My university offers project work focused on green entrepreneurship

3. My university offers practices focused on green entrepreneurship

4. My university creates awareness of green entrepreneurship as a possible career choice

5. My university motivates and help students to start a green business

6. My university provides students the financial and policy-related advice to start a new business

Entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ES)

1. I can tolerate unexpected changes in business conditions

(Alvarez-Risco et al., 2021; Qazi et al., 2020; Shook & Bratianu, 2010)

2. I can react quickly to take advantage of business opportunities

3. I can originate new business ideas and products

4. I can create products that fulfill customers’ unmet needs

5. I have enough skills to develop an ecological venture

6. I believe that in the future, I will be able to develop a successful green venture

Proactiveness for entrepreneurship (PE)

1. I feel driven to make a difference in my community

(Bateman & Crant, 1993; Qazi et al., 2020)

2. I am always looking for better ways to do things

3. When I have a problem, I tackle it head-on

4. I am constantly on the lookout for new ways to improve

5. I can spot a good opportunity long before others can

Need for achievement (NA)

1. I desire and pursue success

(Karabulut, 2016; Qazi et al., 2020)

2. I will seek added responsibilities in my green business

3. I will try hard to improve my performance so that I can make my business successful

4. I enjoy completing tasks

5. I attribute success or failure to myself rather than to others and circumstances

Risk propensity (RP)

1. I am willing to take risks when choosing a work or doing a business

(Karimi et al., 2016; Qazi et al., 2020; Sitkin & Weingart, 1995)

2. I prefer a high-risk work that offers high rewards

3. I view risk on a work as a situation to be rewarded

4. If I have the right to make decisions, I would choose more risky alternatives which could have a major impact on my business

5. If I have the right to make decisions, choose more risky alternatives based on the assessment of others on whom I must rely

Entrepreneurial motivation (EM)

1. I want to be a business owner

(Hameed et al., 2021; Taormina & Lao, 2007)

2. I want to profit from my endeavors or business

3. I enjoy having authority at work

4. I think that having a business can improve my financial status

5. I see a good future for myself if I start a business

6. I like to make business decisions

Commitment to the environment (CE)

1: I am environmentally friendly in most things that I do

(Alcock, 2012; Hameed et al., 2021)

2: The environment is a high priority for me compared with a lot of other things in my life

3: I frequently feel the need to reduce carbon emissions which affect quality of life and environment

4: I personally need to change my way of life so that future generations can continue to enjoy a good quality of life and environment

5: Most people in Bangladesh today need to change their way of life so that future generations can continue to enjoy a good quality of life and environment

Environmental values (EV)

1. I feel a personal obligation to do whatever I can to prevent environmental degradation

(Chou, 2014; Dumont et al., 2017; Qazi et al., 2020)

2. People important to me thought that I should prevent environmental degradation

3. If I start green work so most people who are important to me would encourage me

4. If I will prevent environmental degradation so it will help me to make my interpersonal relationship closer

5. It would make a good impression on other people

Green entrepreneurial intentions (GEI)

1. I have seriously thought about becoming a green entrepreneur

(Alvarez-Risco et al., 2021; Hsu & Wang, 2019; Liñán & Chen, 2009; Qazi et al., 2020)

2. I plan to develop a venture that addresses the ecological problems of my community

3. My future initiatives will prioritize ecological benefits over financial ones

4. My professional goal was to become a green entrepreneur during my study at university

5. I was willing to do anything to become a green entrepreneur during my study at university

6. I like to start a green enterprise that assists in alleviating environmental issues during my study at university

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Roy, S.K. Factors influencing undergraduate students’ green entrepreneurial intentions: evidence from an emerging economy. Entrep Educ 6, 365–398 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41959-023-00105-2

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