Abstract
In recent times, there has been an ubiquitous, ever growing and continuous user demand for high data rate at the least cost. This is required for the smart applications and various mobile apps which have been increasing in numbers, by the day. To support these applications, it becomes necessary to incorporate effective and efficient vertical handover decision algorithms (VHDAs) during the design of network architecture. In this research paper, we have implemented VHDA considering a practical scenario, which is based on measured values of input parameters—RSS, bandwidth, cost and velocity of the user. We have considered three networks scenario i.e. 3G, 4G and WLAN.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs41870-022-00935-8/MediaObjects/41870_2022_935_Fig1_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs41870-022-00935-8/MediaObjects/41870_2022_935_Fig2_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs41870-022-00935-8/MediaObjects/41870_2022_935_Fig3_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs41870-022-00935-8/MediaObjects/41870_2022_935_Fig4_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs41870-022-00935-8/MediaObjects/41870_2022_935_Fig5_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs41870-022-00935-8/MediaObjects/41870_2022_935_Fig6_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs41870-022-00935-8/MediaObjects/41870_2022_935_Fig7_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs41870-022-00935-8/MediaObjects/41870_2022_935_Fig8_HTML.png)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Yan X, Sekercioglu A, Narayanan S (2010) A survey of vertical handover decision algorithms in fourth generation heterogeneous wireless networks. Comput Netw 54(11):1848–1863
Khalaf GAFM, Badr HZ (2013) A comprehensive approach to vertical handoff in heteroegeneous wireless networks. J King Saud Univ Comput Inf Sci 25:197–205
Singh NP, Singh B (2011) Improved vertical handover decision algorithm for UMTS-WLAN. Int J Future Gener Commun Netw 4(4):113–124
Goudarzi S, Hassan WH, Anisi MH, Soleymani A (2015) A comparative review of vertical handover decision-making mechanisms in heterogeneous wireless networks. Indian J Sci Technol 8(23):1–20
Ma B, Wang D, Cheng S, Xie X (2017) Modelling and analysis for vertical handoff based on the decision tree in a heterogeneous vehicle networks. IEEE Access 5:8812–8824
Lahby M, Sekkaki A (2017) Optimal vertical handover based on TOPSIS algorihm and utility function in heterogeneous wireless networks. In: IEEE
Lahby M, Essouiri A, Sekkaki A (2019) A novel modeling approach for vertical handover based on dynamic k-partite graph in heterogeneous networks. Digit Commun Netw 5(4):297–307
Drissi M, Oumsis M (2015) Multi-criteria vertical handover comparison between Wimax and Wifi. Information 6:399–410
Senouci MA, Hoceini S, Mellouk A (2016) Utility function-based TOPSIS for network interface selection in heterogeneous wireless networks. In: IEEE ICC 2016—mobile and wireless networking symposium, 2016
Shen Y, Xi N, Pei Q, Ma J (2014) The QoS—ensured vertical handoff decision in heterogeneous wireless networks. J Inf Sci Eng 30:875–893
Savitha K, Chandrasekar C (2011) Trusted network selection using SAW and TOPSIS algorithms for heterogeneous wireless networks. Int J Comput Appl 26(8):22–29
Jumantara Z, Adburohman M, Prabowo S (2017) M2EW algorithm for increasing the degree of precision of vertical handover network selection. Int J Intell Eng Syst 10(6):174–181
Gyekye YN, Agbinya JI (2008) A vertical handoff decision algorithm for next generation wireless networks. In: Third international conference on broadband communications, information technology and biomedical applications, IEEE Computer Society, pp 358–364
Marquez-Barja J, Calafate CT, Cano J-C, Manzoni P (2011) An overview of vertical handover techniques: algorithms, protocols and tools. Comput Commun 34(8):985–997
Chen L-J, Sun T, Chen B, Rajendran V, Gerla M (2004) A smart decision model for vertical handoff. In: 4th ANWIRE conference, 2004
Liao H, Tie L, Du Z (2006) A vertical handover decision algorithm based on fuzzy control theory. In: Proceedings of the first international multi-symposiums on computer and computational sciences (IMSCCS’06), IEEE, 2006
Calhan A, Ceken C (2012) An optimum vertical handoff decision algorithm based on adaptive fuzzy logic and genetic algorithm. Wirel Pers Commun 64:647–664
Gyekye YN, Agbinya JI (2006) Vertical handoff decision algorithms using fuzzy logic. In: International conference on wireless broadband and ultra wideband communications, Sydney, January 2006
Cesana M, Gatti N, Malanchini I (2008) Game theoretic analysis of wireless access network selection: models, inefficiency bounds, and algorithms. In: Association of computing machinery (ACM), October 2008, pp 1–10
Tanveer J, Haider A, Ali R, Kim A (2000) An overview of reinforcement learning algorithms for handover management in 5G ultra-dense small cell networks. MDPI Appl Sci 12(426):1–25
Beshley M, Kryvinska N, Yaremko O, Beshley H (2021) A self-optimizing technique based on vertical handover for load balancing in heterogeneous wireless networks using big data analytics. Appl Sci MDPI 11:1–24
Malathy EM, Muthuswamy V (2018) State of art: vertical handover decision schemes in next-generation wireless network. J Commun Inf Netw 3(1):43–52
Naresh M, Venkat Reddy D, Ramalinga Reddy K (2020) A comprehensive study on vertical handover for IEEE 802.21 wireless networks. In: 2020 fourth international conference on I-SMAC (IoT in social, mobile, analytics and cloud) (I-SMAC), IEEE, Palladam, India, 7 Oct 2020
Goutam S, Unnikrishnan S, Prabavathy S, Kudu N (2019) Prediction of vertical handover using multivariate regression model. Int J Innov Technol Explor Eng 8(10):2626–2633 (ISSN: 2278–3075)
Goutam S, Unnikrishnan S (2019) QoS based vertical handover decision algorithm using fuzzy logic. In: 2019 international conference on nascent technologies in engineering (ICNTE 2019), IEEE, Mumbai, 2019
Goutam S, Unnikrishnan S (2019) Handoff decision algorithm in WiFi zone using fuzzy logic. In: IEEE Xplore, 2019-Women Institute of Technology Conference on electrical and computer engineering, WITCON ECE, Dehradun, 2019
Goutam S, Unnikrishnan S, Prabavathy S, Kudu N, Goutam A (2019) Assessment and prediction of quality of service of wireless networks using support vector machines. In: 10th international conference on advances in computing, control and telecommunication technologies, ACT 2019, Cochin, 2019
Goutam S, Unnikrishnan S (2019) Decision for vertical handover based on Naive Bayes algorithm. In: International conference on advances in computing, communication and control (ICAC3'19), IEEE, Mumbai, 2019
Goutam S, Unnikrishnan S, GoutamA (2017) Model for vertical handover decision in vehicular networks. In: IEEE, IEEE international conference on advances in computing, communication and control (ICAC3'17), Mumbai, 2017
Goutam S, Unnikrishnan S (2021) Algorithm for vertical handover decision in vehicular environment. J Inf Technol Res 14(1):92–109
Goutam A, Unnikrishnan S (2019) Algorithm for handover decision in IEEE 802.11 WLAN environment based on fuzzy logic. In: International WIE conference on electrical and computer engineering (WIECON-ECE 2019), IEEE, Bangalore, 2019
Goutam S, Unnikrishnan S (2019) Analysis & comparison of decision tree algorithms for vertical handover in wireless networks. In: Eighth international conference on advances in electrical measurements and instrumentation engineering-EMIE 2019, Cochin, 2019
Goutam S, Unnikrishnan S (2019) A geolocation based algorithm for vehicular congestion avoidance using fuzzy logic. Int J Inf Technol Electr Eng 8(6):68–73
Goutam S, Unnikrishnan S, Singh P (2020) Algorithm for handoff in Zigbee environment. Int J Inf Technol Electr Eng 9(6):14–19
Goutam S, Unnikrishnan S (2020) Algorithm for vertical handover in cellular networks using fuzzy logic. Int J Inf Technol 13:359–366
Goutam S, Unnikrishnan S, Karandikar A (2020) Algorithm for vertical handover using multi attribute decision making techniques. In: 2020 IEEE international conference on communication, networks and satellite (Comnetsat), IEEE, Batam, Indonesia, 2020
Goutam S, Unnikrishnan S, Prabavathy SS, Karandikar A (2021) Algorithm for vertical handover decision using least cost function. IEIE Trans Smart Process Comput 10(1):44–54
Goutam S, Unnkrishnan S, Karandikar A (2021) Algorithm for vertical handover using network fitness function. In: IEEE, Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing (IIITDM), Jabalpur (M.P.), 2021
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Goutam, S., Unnikrishnan, S., Karandikar, A. et al. Algorithm for vertical handover decision using geometric mean and MADM techniques. Int. j. inf. tecnol. 14, 2691–2699 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-022-00935-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-022-00935-8
Keywords
- Vertical handover (VHO)
- Vertical handover decision algorithm (VHDA)
- Geometric mean (GM)
- Analytic hierarchy process (AHP)
- Multi attribute decision making (MADM) techniques
- Simple additive weighting (SAW)
- Multiplicative exponential weighting (MEW)
- Technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS)