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Investigation of dielectric properties of a Li4Ti5O12 ceramic matrix for microwave temperature sensing applications

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Abstract

In this article, the dielectric properties of a Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) ceramic at the radio frequency (RF) and microwave (MW) regions were evaluated. X-ray diffraction showed that LTO was obtained without the presence of spurious and/or secondary phases. Complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS) analysis was conducted, whereas an activation energy (Ea) of 0.88 eV was observed. The temperature capacitance coefficient (TCC) was also calculated and demonstrated that LTO could be employed as a Class 1 ceramic capacitor. In the MW region, LTO presented ε’r = 25.4, tan δ = 5.7 × 10–4, and τf = -14.5 ppmºC−1, values that are interesting for devices that operate in the MW region. Numerical simulation demonstrated values of a realized gain of 4.78 dBi, a bandwidth of 227 MHz, and a radiation efficiency of 98%. Moreover, LTO was evaluated as a temperature sensor operating in the MW region and demonstrated a sensitivity of -0.06 MHz ºC−1. The values presented demonstrate that LTO could be employed in devices that operate in RF and MW regions.

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Acknowledgements

This work was partly sponsored by the Brazilian Research Agencies CNPq—Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (grant INCT NANO(BIO)SIMES), CAPES—Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (grant Project PNPD), FUNCAP—Fundação Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico, FINEP—Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (grants INFRAPESQ-11 and INFRAPESQ-12) and the U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) (FA9550-16-1-0127).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal Do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

    Francisco Alekson Chaves Nobrega

  2. Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência E Tecnologia Do Ceará, PPGET, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

    João Paulo Costa do Nascimento

  3. Laboratório de Telecomunicações e Ciências e Engenharia de Materiais (LOCEM), Departamento de Fisica, Universidade Federal Do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

    Marcelo Antonio Santos da Silva, Francisco Alekson Chaves Nobrega, Felipe Felix do Carmo, João Paulo Costa do Nascimento, Francisco Enilton Alves Nogueira, Antonio Jefferson Mangueira Sales & Antonio Sergio Bezerra Sombra

  4. Telecommunication Engineering Department, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), P.O. Box 6007, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60755-640, Brazil

    Francisco Enilton Alves Nogueira

  5. Group Functional Nanomaterials, Physics Department, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil

    Ronaldo Santos da Silva

  6. Smart Sensors Systems Laboratory, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow, 119049, Russia

    Sergei V. Trukhanov

  7. Laboratory of Magnetic Films Physics, Scientific Practical Materials Research Centre, NAS of Belarus, 220072, Minsk, Belarus

    Sergei V. Trukhanov

  8. Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China

    Di Zhou

  9. School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India

    Charanjeet Singh

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  1. Marcelo Antonio Santos da Silva
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  2. Francisco Alekson Chaves Nobrega
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  3. Felipe Felix do Carmo
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  11. Antonio Sergio Bezerra Sombra
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Contributions

Authors statement for the manuscript entitled "Investigation of dielectric properties of a Li4Ti5O12 ceramic matrix for microwave temperature sensing applications”. All the authors participated in the work, however some dedicated more time to some specific activities, which we describe below:

• Conceptualization - Marcelo Antonio Santos da Silva, Francisco Alekson Chaves Nobrega

• Methodology - Software - Felipe Felix do Carmo, Francisco Alekson Chaves Nobrega

• Validation - Francisco Enilton Alves Nogueira, Antonio Jefferson Mangueira Sales

• Formal analysis - Felipe Felix do Carmo, Ronaldo Santos da Silva

• Investigation - Francisco Alekson Chaves Nobrega, S. V. Trukhanov

• Resources - Antonio Sérgio Bezerra Sombra

• Data curation - Antonio Jefferson Mangueira Sales, C. Singh

• Writing-original draft preparation - João Paulo Costa do Nascimento, Felipe Felix do Carmo

• Writing-review and editing - João Paulo Costa do Nascimento, Marcelo Antonio Santos da Silva

• Visualization - Di Zhou, Marcelo Antonio Santos da Silva

• Supervision - Ronaldo Santos da Silva, S. V. Trukhanov

• Project administration - S. V. Trukhanov, Di Zhou

• Funding acquisition - Antonio Sérgio Bezerra Sombra

Corresponding author

Correspondence to João Paulo Costa do Nascimento.

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da Silva, M.A.S., Nobrega, F.A.C., do Carmo, F.F. et al. Investigation of dielectric properties of a Li4Ti5O12 ceramic matrix for microwave temperature sensing applications. J Aust Ceram Soc 60, 355–362 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41779-024-01009-7

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