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Flash Boiling in Sprays: Recent Developments and Modeling

  • Review Article
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Journal of the Indian Institute of Science Aims and scope

Abstract

This study aims to cover the modeling of flash boiling effects in the sprays. There is a lack of an economical and computationally efficient methodology to analyze this complex phenomenon. Flash boiling being an essential phenomenon in combustion engines is the cause of change in the spray structure, cone angle, liquid penetration length, droplet distribution, etc. The paper revisits various models used to capture the effect of the flash boiling phenomenon and identifies the drawbacks and challenges, respectively. The whole phenomenon is divided into various stages and discussed stepwise. It tries to address the issues related to the gaps in modeling.

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Abbreviations

\( c \) :

Specific heat constant

\( D \) :

Diameter (of droplet or bubble)

\( h_{fg} \) :

Latent heat constant

\( J \) :

Number of bubbles per unit volume

\( {\text{Ja}} \) :

Jacob number

\( k \) :

Boltzmann constant

\( k_{f} \) :

Total evaporation rate of molecular species which forms bubble

\( k_{l} \) :

Thermal conductivity of liquid

\( n \) :

Number of droplets per micro-explosion

\( N_{0} \) :

Number density of liquid, (\( 6.023 \times 10^{23} /{\text{liquid}} {\text{molar}} {\text{vol}} . \))

\( M_{W} \) :

Molecular weight

\( {\mathcal{M}} \) :

Mass flow rate (for liquid phase)

\( P \) :

Pressure

\( q_{l}^{''} \) :

Heat flux to the liquid

\( r \) :

Radial coordinate

\( {\mathcal{R}} \) :

Universal gas constant

\( R \) :

Radius (of droplet or bubble)

\( t \) :

Time

\( t_{dh} \) :

Dwell time between onset of heating and bubble nucleation

\( \bar{t}_{d1} \) :

Average dwell time between jet ejection and bubble nucleation

\( t_{d2} \) :

Dwell time for bubble growth after which it bursts (or bubble lifetime)

\( T \) :

Temperature

\( {\text{We}} \) :

Weber number

\( \alpha \) :

Thermal diffusivity

\( \varepsilon \) :

Void fraction of droplet \( (R_{b}^{3} /R_{d}^{3} ) \)

\( \kappa \) :

Coefficient of dilatation viscosity

\( \mu \) :

Coefficient of shear viscosity

\( \rho \) :

Density

\( \sigma \) :

Equilibrium surface tension

\( \sigma_{g} \) :

Equilibrium surface tension

\( \omega \) :

Angular frequency of disturbance (Eq. 19)

\( 0 \) :

Initial state

\( {\text{amb}} \) :

Ambient state

\( {\text{bulk}} \) :

Bulk state of the liquid

b :

Bubble

d :

Droplet

\( {\text{ch}} \) :

Child droplet

\( i \) :

Bubble–liquid interface

\( j \) :

Liquid jet

\( l \) :

Liquid state

\( {\text{sat}} \) :

Saturated state

\( v \) :

Vapor state

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  1. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, India

    Bharat Bhatia & Ashoke De

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  1. Bharat Bhatia
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Bhatia, B., De, A. Flash Boiling in Sprays: Recent Developments and Modeling. J Indian Inst Sci 99, 93–104 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41745-019-0104-x

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