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Conductive Polymers and Hydrogels for Neural Tissue Engineering

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Journal of the Indian Institute of Science Aims and scope

Abstract

Conventional approaches for the rescue and repair of the damaged neural tissue generally remain ineffective and do not provide functional recovery due to the difficulties in mimicking the complex anatomical functioning of the nervous system. Mimicking the natural microenvironment of the glial, neuronal, and stromal cells of the nervous system through the use of functional biomaterials-based platforms, and further combining these platforms with stem cell-based therapies has been considered as a promising alternative strategy for the efficient regeneration and functional recovery of the damaged neural tissue. The functionalities of biomaterial-based platforms provide 3D matrices with desired pore sizes, porosities, elasticities, and wettability along with various chemical, biological, and topographical cues that favor cellular attachment, growth, proliferation, directed alignment, and differentiation as well as proper nutrient flow for neural tissue regeneration. In addition, considering the inherent presence of electrical fields and synapses in the nervous system, application of electrical stimuli through conductive biomaterials-based platforms in the form of films, hydrogels, fibers, composites, and flexible electronic interfaces has also been used to enhance the nerve regeneration process. These platforms providing electrical stimuli have been particularly used for controlling neurite extension, directed migration of neuronal and glial cells, and differentiation of stem cells. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances in conductive biomaterials-based platforms and the use of electrical stimuli to control cellular behavior to enable neural regeneration.

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Figure 1

Reproduced with permission from Huang et al.104 Copyright 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Figure 2

Reproduced with permission from Yang et al.107 Copyright 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Figure 3

Reproduced with permission from Xu et al.98 Copyright 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Figure 4

Reproduced with permission from Wang et al.123 Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V.

Figure 5

Reproduced with permission from Uz et al.94 Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge generous funding support by the Carol Vohs Johnson Chair and US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command under contract W81XWH-11-1-0700 in support of this work.

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  1. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 2810 Beardshear Hall, 515 Morrill Rd., Ames, IA, 50011, USA

    Metin Uz & Surya K. Mallapragada

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Uz, M., Mallapragada, S.K. Conductive Polymers and Hydrogels for Neural Tissue Engineering. J Indian Inst Sci 99, 489–510 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41745-019-00126-8

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