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Water Heritage and the Importance of Local Knowledge in Climate Action

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Abstract

Thousands of significant archaeological and heritage sites line the coasts of every continent, threatened by loss and damage from rising sea levels and other cascading impacts, such as flooding, landslides, increased salination, erosion, or even the shift from being land-based heritage to being submerged or underwater heritage. There is a need for a sustainable initiative across the national, regional, and local levels to manage this degenerative process. To date, however, measures for mitigating climate change impacts remain insufficient. There is also the need for a further push in thinking about how coastal archaeology and culturally submerged sites may be remembered or, if on the cards, protected. The Coastal and Intertidal Zone Archaeological Network (CITiZAN), a national project working across coastal sites in England, works with communities to support and empower them in identifying and understanding their immediate environment and the relevance of the heritage therein. In this article, the CITiZAN team presents the range of vulnerable coastal heritage found across England, discusses why there is limited capacity or resources to protect these sites, and highlights the communities that have either reactively or proactively responded to changing climate conditions and, in so doing, provide examples of resourcefulness and resilience. The article concludes by highlighting the importance of communities in understanding intertidal-zone and coastal heritage, and the relevance of water heritage to understanding climate change impacts terrestrially.

Resumen

Miles de importantes sitios arqueológicos y patrimoniales se encuentran en las costas de todos los continentes, amenazados por pérdidas y danos por el aumento del nivel del mar y otros impactos en cascada, como inundaciones, deslizamientos de tierra, aumento de la salinización, erosión o incluso el cambio de ser patrimonio basado en la tierra a ser patrimonio sumergido o subacuático. Existe la necesidad de una iniciativa sostenible a nivel nacional, regional y local para gestionar este proceso degenerativo. Sin embargo, hasta la fecha, las medidas para mitigar los impactos del cambio climático siguen siendo insuficientes. También existe la necesidad de un mayor impulso para pensar en cómo la arqueología costera y los sitios culturalmente sumergidos pueden ser recordados o, de ser posible, protegidos. La Red Arqueológica de la Zona Costera e Intermareal (CITiZAN, por sus siglas en inglés), un proyecto nacional que trabaja en sitios costeros en Inglaterra, trabaja con las comunidades para apoyarlas y empoderarlas en la identificación y comprensión de su entorno inmediato y la relevancia del patrimonio ahí. En este artículo, el equipo de CITiZAN presenta la gama de patrimonio costero vulnerable que se encuentra en Inglaterra, analiza por qué existen capacidades o recursos limitados para proteger estos sitios y destaca las comunidades que han respondido de manera reactiva o proactiva a las condiciones climáticas cambiantes y, al hacerlo, proporcionan ejemplos de ingenio y resiliencia. El artículo concluye destacando la importancia de las comunidades en la comprensión del patrimonio costero y de la zona intermareal, y la relevancia del patrimonio acuático para comprender los impactos del cambio climático en la tierra.

Résumé

Des milliers de sites importants pour l'archéologie et le patrimoine se trouvent en bordure des côtes de chaque continent, exposés à la menace de pertes et de dommages en raison de la montée du niveau des mers et d'autres impacts en résultant tels que les inondations, les glissements de terrain, une salinité accrue, l'érosion ou même la transformation d'un patrimoine sur la terre ferme en un site submergé ou sous l'eau. Une initiative durable est nécessaire aux niveaux nationaux, régionaux et locaux pour faire face à ce processus de dégénération. Toutefois, à ce jour les mesures visant à l'atténuation des impacts liés au climat demeurent insuffisantes. Il existe également un besoin d'une réflexion supplémentaire accrue sur la manière dont les sites côtiers archéologiques et culturels submergés peuvent être commémorés ou si cela est inéluctable, être protégés. Le Coastal and Intertidal Zone Archaeological Network (CITiZAN), un projet national œuvrant sur les sites côtiers en Angleterre, collabore avec les communautés afin de leur apporter un soutien et une autonomie pour identifier et comprendre leur environnement proche et la pertinence du patrimoine qui s'y trouve. L'équipe de CITiZAN présente dans cet article l'ensemble du patrimoine côtier vulnérable ayant été relevé à travers l'Angleterre, engage une discussion sur les raisons des capacités ou ressources limitées pour la protection de ces sites et met l'accent sur les communautés ayant réagi ou répondu de manière proactive aux conditions du changement climatique et qui ce faisant ont fourni des exemples d'ingéniosité et de résilience. L'article souligne en conclusion l'importance des communautés pour comprendre le patrimoine des côtes et des zones intertidales ainsi que la pertinence du patrimoine aquatique pour comprendre les impacts du changement climatique à l'échelle terrestre.

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Acknowledgments:

CITiZAN is a MOLA (Museum of London Archaeology) project, with partners the Council for British Archaeology and the Nautical Archaeology Society. The project is funded by the National Lottery Heritage Lottery Fund, Historic England, the Lloyds Register Foundation, and the National Trust, with additional support from the Crown Estate. This article expands on “Climate Change and Coasts: Lessons from History” (Band et al. 2021) and takes inspiration from the work of Carola Hein as well as the Co-Sponsored Meeting on Culture, Heritage and Climate Change led by ICOMOS, IPCC, and UNESCO.

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Morel, H., Band, L., Barrie-Smith, C. et al. Water Heritage and the Importance of Local Knowledge in Climate Action. Hist Arch 57, 589–605 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41636-023-00415-1

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