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Upper Cenomanian and lower Turonian (Cretaceous) corals from the Tethyan West Portuguese Carbonate Platform

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Abstract

Scleractinian corals of late Cenomanian to early Turonian age from the western border of the Iberian Peninsula are described for the first time. They derive from middle to inner shelf limestones of the mid Albian-Turonian West Portuguese Carbonate Platform, near the localities of Figueira da Foz, Leiria, and Nazaré, where a succession of fossil-rich beds with cephalopods, rudists, and other invertebrates allows an accurate biostratigraphic control from the basal upper Cenomanian to the upper lower Turonian. During this interval, facies are deeper and carbonate-rich, that are more favourable to the occurrence of hermatypic corals and which are absent in previous sequences of the platform. The studied corals belong to the superfamilies Actinastreoidea, Cladocoroidea, Cyclolitoidea, Madreporoidea, Phyllosmilioidea, and Poritoidea. With a total of 11 species, the number of taxa is comparatively low when compared with other Late Cretaceous faunas. The corals show relationships to Albian coral faunas from the SE Iberian Platform and the Quillan Basin (SW France), both of which are located in the Tethyan Realm. The faunal turnover in scleractinian corals at the Cenomanian/Turonian (C/T) boundary is discussed. Scleractinian corals were rich in genera during the Cenomanian and reach about 110 co-existing genera at the base of the late Cenomanian. This number was reduced by 46 genera that became extinct at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary, but were replaced rapidly after the boundary by 59 genera, of which six became extinct before the Coniacian. Sixty-six genera survived the C/T boundary, of which 11 became extinct before the middle Coniacian. This means that the Cenomanian richness in genera was almost restored in the Coniacian.

Resumen

Se describen por primera vez los corales escleractinidos del periodo Cenomaniense superior - inicio del Turoniense del margen occidental de la península Ibérica. Los ejemplares fueron obtenidos en secciones de la plataforma carbonática media e interna de edad Albiense-Turoniense del oeste de Portugal, próximas a las localidades de Figueira da Foz, Leiria, y Nazaré. Este registro también contiene una sucesión de capas ricas en otros fósiles como cefalópodos, rudistas y otros invertebrados que permiten un control preciso sobre la bioestratigrafía desde el Cenomaniense superior hasta el Turoniense superior. Durante este intervalo de tiempo, las facies son más profundas y ricas en carbonatos, siendo más favorable a la aparición de corales hermatípicos que estaban ausentes en el registro anterior de la plataforma. Los corales estudiados pertenecen a las superfamilias Actinastreoidea, Cladocoroidea, Cyclolitoidea, Madreporoidea, Phyllosmilioidea y Poritoidea. Aunque muestran un total de 11 especies, la cantidad de taxones es comparablemente baja en comparación con otras faunas del Cretácico Superior. Los corales muestran relaciones con otros corales del Albiense del margen sureste de la plataforma Ibérica, y con la cuenca de Quillan (SO de Francia), ambas zonas localizadas en el mar de la Tethys. Se discute el cambio de las faunas de escleractinidos en el límite Cenomaniense/Turoniense (C/T). durante el Cenomaniense orden Scleractinia era rico en géneros en la zona estudiada, llegando a alcanzar aproximadamente 100 géneros en la base del Cenomaniense superior. Esta cantidad se reduce hasta 46 géneros en el límite Cenomaniense/Turoniense, pero se recuperó nuevamente después de dicho límite hasta alcanzar los 59 géneros, de los cuales 6 se extinguieron durante el Turoniense. Sesenta y seis géneros sobrevivieron el límite C/T, de cuales 11 géneros se extinguieron antes del Coniaciense medio. Eso indica que la riqueza de génerosque había en el Cenomaniense fue casi restaurada en el Coniaciense.

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Acknowledgements

Fieldwork and material preparation was supported by the UNAM/DGAPA PAPIIT project IN101111 (Mexico). Authors are grateful to the Earth Sciences Department at the University of Coimbra for access to the laboratory facilities. Pedro Callapez would like to thank the institutional support of CITEUC – Centro de Investigação da Terra e do Espaço da Universidade de Coimbra (Earth and Space Research Centre from the University of Coimbra) and FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia. Preparation of thin sections in the ERNO laboratory by Aimée Orcí (Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico) is gratefully acknowledged. The English text correction was realised by Matthew Copley (Barcelona). Two anonymous reviews and advice of the editors helped to improve the quality of the publication.

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  1. Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estación Regional del Noroeste, L.D. Colosio y Madrid S/N, Col. Los Arcos, 83200, Hermosillo, Sonora, México

    Hannes Löser

  2. CITEUC – Centre for Earth and Space Research of the University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Earth Sciences Department, University of Coimbra, Polo II, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030–790, Coimbra, Portugal

    Pedro M. Callapez

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Löser, H., Callapez, P.M. Upper Cenomanian and lower Turonian (Cretaceous) corals from the Tethyan West Portuguese Carbonate Platform. J Iber Geol 48, 141–162 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41513-022-00186-3

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