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Efficiency of female age of egg parasitoids on parasitism of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs of various ages

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Abstract

The use of egg parasitoids in the biological control of insect pests is a promising technique in integrated pest management. However, there is little information on the effects of parasitoid female age and host egg age on parasitization rates specifically on the behaviour of the egg parasitoids such as Trichogramma pretiosum Riley and Telenomus remus Nixon which can have substantial effects on parasitism towards insect pest eggs. Thus, this communication evaluated the relationships between the age of the parasitoid and host egg on the parasitism of Spodoptera frugiperda eggs by T. pretiosum and T. remus in three independent bioassays. In the first and second bioassay, two egg parasitoids (T. pretiosum and T. remus) females were grouped by age in days (ranging from 1–6 and 1–10 days old for T. pretiosum and T. remus, respectively) and were offered 100 eggs of S. frugiperda per treatment for 24 h separately. In the third bioassay, 100 eggs of S. frugiperda of different ages (24, 48 and 72 h old) were offered separately to T. pretiosum and T. remus females for 24 h. The variables such as the number of eggs parasitized, parasitoid emergence (%) and female progeny were evaluated. The results indicated that as the age of the T. pretiosum increases, per cent parasitism and adult emergence decreases but age of T. remus females did not affect the number of S. frugiperda eggs parasitized or the emergence of the progeny. However, the sex ratio was more male-biased in the progeny of 1- and 2-day-old females compared to older wasps in the case of T. remus. In the third bioassay, the highest parasitism was observed in 24- and 48-h-old eggs and the per cent emergence decreased with increasing female age.

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Abbreviations

FAW:

Fall armyworm

Sp.:

Species

viz.:

Videre licet (synonym for ‘namely’)

i.e.:

That is

h:

Hour

gm:

Gram

cm:

Centimetre

ml:

Millilitre

L:

Litre

°C:

Degree celsius

RH:

Relative humidity

UV:

Ultraviolet

MARS:

Main Agricultural Research Station

UAS:

University of Agricultural Sciences

IPM:

Integrated pest management

ABC:

Augmentative biological control

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Dr.Chandish Ballal, Ex-Director, Dr. Y. Lalita, Chief Technical Officer and Dr. Richa Varshney, Scientist, ICAR-NBAIR, Bengaluru for the support, guidance and providing parasitoids culture.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584104, India

    K. Veena, Arunkumar Hosamani, A. Prabhuraj & Shivanand G. Hanchinal

  2. Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, 585101, India

    Mallikarjun Kenganal

  3. Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka, 577204, India

    Sharanabasappa S. Deshmukh

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  1. K. Veena
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  2. Arunkumar Hosamani
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  3. A. Prabhuraj
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  4. Shivanand G. Hanchinal
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  5. Mallikarjun Kenganal
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  6. Sharanabasappa S. Deshmukh
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Contributions

AH, PA, SH and MK: conceptualization and manuscript editing, VK: experimentation, original data collection and draft writing, VK and AH: data curation, SSD: manuscript reviewing and editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to K. Veena.

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Veena, K., Hosamani, A., Prabhuraj, A. et al. Efficiency of female age of egg parasitoids on parasitism of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs of various ages. J Plant Dis Prot 131, 471–478 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-023-00845-2

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