Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Determination of fumigant toxicity of single, binary and tertiary mixtures of three essential oils against Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, three essential oils extracted from sage (Salvia officinalis L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and daphne (Laurus nobilis L.) were used individually against the adult Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) pest. Afterward, the fumigant toxicity of binary (1:1) and tertiary (1:1:1) mixtures was investigated under laboratory conditions. The results showed that all essential oils tested, both alone and in all binary and tertiary mixtures, had fumigant toxicity on adult F. occidentalis. Mortality rates of 3–5-day-old adults of F. occidentalis increased with increasing concentration from 2 to 10 µL/L. In the entire study, binary and tertiary mixtures of the oils were more successful than the individual application. At a dose of 10 µL/L, all binary and tertiary mixtures of the oils caused 100% mortality at all exposure times. However, when sage oil was fumigated for 24 h and applied alone, the mortality rate was less than 100%. Moreover, the highest synergistic effect was found in tertiary essential oil mixtures (sage + daphne + thyme) with 10.0 µL/L air LC50 value in all application doses, counted after 48 h. Our overall results show that binary and tertiary mixtures of all tested essential oils are promising candidates for protection against western flower thrips.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Availability of data and materials

All data generated or analyzed in this study are available in this published manuscript.

Abbreviations

LC:

Lethal concentration

BATEM:

Bati-Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute

RH:

Relative humidity

L:D:

Light: dark

DMRT:

Duncan’s multiple range test

References

  • Allsopp E, Prinsloo GJ, Smart LE, Dewhirst SY (2014) Methyl salicylate, thymol and carvacrol as oviposition deterrents for Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) on plum blossoms. Arthropod-Plant Interact 8(5):421–427

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atanasova B, Spasov D, Spasova D, Ilievski M (2022) Use of Orius laevigatus to control Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) population in greenhouse pepper. J Agric Plant Sci 20(2):15–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Benelli G, Pavela R (2018a) Beyond mosquitoes—essential oil toxicity and repellency against bloodsucking insects. Ind Crops Prod 117:382–392

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benelli G, Pavela R (2018b) Repellence of essential oils and selected compounds against ticks—a systematic review. Acta Trop 179:47–54

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Benelli G, Pavela R, Canale A, Cianfaglione K, Ciaschetti G, Conti F, Nicoletti M, Senthil-Nathan S, Mehlhorn H, Maggi F (2017) Acute larvicidal toxicity of five essential oils (Pinus nigra, Hyssopus officinalis, Satureja montana, Aloysia citrodora and Pelargonium graveolens) against the filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus: Synergistic and antagonistic effects. Parasitol Int 66(2):166–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2017.01.012

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Benelli G, Pavela R, Giordani C, Casettari L, Curzi G, Cappellacci L, Petrelli R, Maggi F (2018) Acute and sub-lethal toxicity of eight essential oils of commercial interest against the filariasis mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus and the housefly Musca domestica. Ind Crop Prod 112:668–680

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bielza P (2008) Insecticide resistance management strategies against the western fower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. Pest Manag Sci 64:1131–1138

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Çetin H, Erler F, Yanikoglu A (2004) Larvicidal activity of a botanical natural product (AkseBio2) against Culex pipiens L. Fitoterapia 75:724–728

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cloyd RA (2016) Western flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and insecticide resistance: an overview and strategies to mitigate insecticide resistance development. J Entomol Sci 51(4):257–273

    Google Scholar 

  • Dağlı F (2018) Spinosad resistance in a population of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande, 1895) from Antalya and its cross resistance to acrinathrin and formetanate. Türk Entomol Derg 42(4):241–251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erler F (2004) Laboratory evaluation of a botanical natural product (AkseBio2) against the pear psylla Cacopsylla pyri. Phytoparasitica 32:351–356

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erler F (2005) Fumigant activity of six monoterpenoids from aromatic plants in Turkey against the two storedproduct insects confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum, and Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella. Z Pflanzenk Pflanzen 112:602–611

    Google Scholar 

  • Erler F, Yegen O, Zeller W (2007) Field evaluation of a botanical natural product against the pear psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae). J Econ Entomol 100:66–71

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Erler F (2007) Fumigant activity of monoterpenoids against the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.). IOBC/wprs Bulletin 30(2):281–285.

  • Gharbi K, Tay JW (2022) Fumigant Toxicity of Essential Oils against Frankliniella occidentalis and F. insularis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) as Affected by Polymer Release and Adjuvants. Insects 13(6):493.

  • Isman MB (2000) Plant essential oils for pest and disease management. Crop Prot 19:603–608

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isman MB (2015) A renaissance for botanical insecticides? Pest Manag. Sci 71:1587–1590

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janmaat AF, Kogel WJD, Woltering EJ (2002) Enhanced fumigant toxicity of p-cymene against Frankliniella occidentalis by simultaneous application of elevated levels of carbon dioxide. Pest Manage Sci Formerly Pesticide Sci 58(2):167–173

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jannet HB, H-skhiri F, Mighri Z, Simmonds MSJ, Blaney WM (2001) Antifeedant activity of plant extracts and of new natural diglyceride compounds isolated from Ajuga pseudoiva leaves against Spodoptera littoralis. Ind Crop Product 14:213–222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kamış B, Dağlı F (2022) Widespread and high levels of resistance to spinosad and spinetoram in Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande, 1895)(Thysanoptera: Thripidae) populations of Antalya Province (Türkiye). Turkish J Entomol 46(4):407–420

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karakoç ÖC, Gökçe A (2012) Bitki ekstraktlarının Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)’e olan kontak toksisiteleri. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi 36(3):423–431

    Google Scholar 

  • Koschier EH (2008) Essential oil compounds for thrips control—a review. Nat Prod Comm 3:1171–1182

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koschier EH, De Kogel WJ, Visser JH (2000) Assessing the attractiveness of volatile plant compounds to western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis. J Chem Ecol 26(12):2643–2655

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumral NA, Çobanoğlu S, Yalçın C (2010) Acaricidal, repellent and oviposition deterrent activities of Datura stramonium L. against adult Tetranychus urticae (Koch). J Pest Sci 83:173–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mejdoub K, Benomari FZ, Djabou N, Dib ME, Benyelles NG, Costa J, Muselli A (2019) Antifungal and insecticidal activities of essential oils of four Mentha species. Jundish J Nat Pharm Prod 14:e64165. https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp.64165

  • Ndungu M, Lwande W, Hassanali A, Moreka L, Chhabra SC (1995) Cleome monophylla essential oil and its constituents as tick (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus) and maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) repellents. Entomol Experimentalis Et Appl 76:271–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavela R, Benelli G (2016) Essential oils as eco-friendly biopesticides? Challenges and constraints. Trends Plant Sci 21:1000–1007

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pavela R, Maggi F, Iannarelli R, Benelli G (2019) Plant extracts for developing mosquito larvicides: from laboratory to the field, with insights on the modes of action. Acta Trop 193:236–271

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Picard I, Hollingsworth RG, Salmieri S, Lacroix M (2012) Repellency of essential oils to Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) as affected by type of oil and polymer release. J Econ Entomol 105(4):1238–1247

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reitz SR, Gao Y, Kirk WD, Hoddle MS, Leiss KA, Funderburk JE (2020) Invasion biology, ecology, and management of western flower thrips. Annu Rev Entomol 65:17–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sampson BJ, Tabanca N, Kirimer N, Demirci B, Baser HC, Khan IA, Spiers JM, Wedge DE (2005) Insecticidal activity of 23 essential oils and their major compounds against adult Lipaphis pseudobrassicae (Davis) (Aphididae: Homoptera). Pest Manag Sci 61:1122–1128

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sedy KA, Koschier EH (2003) Bioactivity of carvacrol and thymol against Frankliniella occidentalis and Thrips tabaci. J Appl Entomol 127(6):313–316

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shaaya E, Ravid U, Paster N, Kostjukovsky M, Menasherov M, lotkin S (1993) Essential oils and their components as active fumigants against several species of stored product insects and fungi. Acta Horticult Int Symp Med Aromatic Plants 344:131–137

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith AE, Secoy DM (1975) Forerunners of pesticides in classical Greece and Rome. J Agric Food Chem 23(6):1050–1055

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stepanycheva E, Petrova M, Chermenskaya T, Pavela R (2019) Fumigant effect of essential oils on mortality and fertility of thrips Frankliniella occidentalis Perg. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26(30):30885–30892

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stepanycheva E A, Petrova, M O, Chermenskaya TD, Pavela R (2018) Effects of volatiles of essential oils on behavior of the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis Perg.(Thysanoptera, Thripidae). Entomological Review, 98(7), 801–806.

  • Taş MN, Uysal M, Çetin H (2015) Bazı bitki ekstraktlarının Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)(Col.: Bruchidae)’e olan kontak toksisiteleri. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 55(3).

  • Taş MN (2011) Bazı Bitki Ekstraktlarının Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Col.: Bruchıdae)’a Etkileri Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Selçuk University, Master Thesis, Konya.

  • Topuz E, Madanlar N, Erler F (2018) Chemical composition, toxic and development-and reproduction-inhibiting effects of some essential oils against Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae) as fumigants. J Plant Dis Prot 125:377–387

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsao R, Lee S, Rice P J, Jensen C, Coats JR (1995) Monoterpenoids and Their Synthetic Derivatives as Leads for New Insect-Control Agents. Entomology Publications. 369.

  • Tunç İ, Göçmen H (1995) Antalya’da bulunan iki sera zararlısı Polyphagatarsonemus latus (Banks) (Acarina, Tarsonemidae) ve Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) üzerine notlar. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi 19(2):101–109 (in Turkish with abstract in English)

    Google Scholar 

  • Uysal Bayar F, Çınar O (2020) Yield and quality parameters of some cultivated Origanum spp. Species Derim 37(1):10–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu S, Xing Z, Ma T, Xu D, Li Y, Lei Z, Gao Y (2021) Competitive interaction between Frankliniella occidentalis and locally present thrips species: a global review. J Pest Sci 94:5–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yıldırım EM, Başpınar H (2013) Aydın ili çilek alanlarında Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)’nin popülasyon dalgalanmaları. Türkiye Entomoloji Bülteni 3(4):135–138 (in Turkish with abstract in English)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zarrad K, Chaieb I, Hamouda BA, Bouslama T, Laarif A (2017) Chemical composition and insecticidal effects of Citrus aurantium essential oil and its powdery formulation against Tuta absoluta. Tunisian J Plant Protection 12:83–94

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank the Department of Food Technology and Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Batı Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute (BATEM) for providing the identification and supply of the essential oils used in the study.

Funding

Not applicable.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Protection, Batı Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute, Antalya, Turkey

    Musa Kırışık

Authors
  1. Musa Kırışık
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

The author read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Musa Kırışık.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The author declares that he has no competing interests.

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kırışık, M. Determination of fumigant toxicity of single, binary and tertiary mixtures of three essential oils against Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). J Plant Dis Prot 130, 1293–1300 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-023-00769-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-023-00769-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation