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Population characteristics of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina strains from hazelnut orchards in Turkey

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Abstract

During surveys in 2018 and 2019, diseased plant materials (leaves and fruits) were collected from commercial hazelnut orchards in Samsun, Ordu, and Giresun provinces in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Bacterial isolation was performed from 188 symptomatic materials and 166 bacterial colonies with yellow color were purified on GYCA plates. Twenty-eight strains were found capable of causing lesions on bean pods, hypersensitive reaction to tobacco leaves, and disease symptoms on hazelnut seedlings. They were initially identified as X. arboricola by physiological, biochemical, and MALDI-TOF MS analyses. In PCR analysis, the strains with primers XarbQ-F/XarbQ-R and XapY17-F/XapY17-R produced a single band of 402 and 943 bp, respectively. All strains showed homogeneous band profiles for ERIC-PCR. The partial DNA sequences showed that 16 strains had more than 99% gyrB sequence similarity to strains of Xanthomonas arboricola, including the pathotype strain CFBP1159PT. The rpoD sequences were found to be highly capable of distinguishing the strains from the closely related pathovars junglandis and pruni, which showed 99.2% identity with the complete genomes of X. arboricola pv corylina strains available in Genbank. Phylogenetic tree analysis using rpoD sequences allowed separation of the hazelnut strains from other pathovars of X. arboricola. Twenty-five of the 28 strains grew on nutrient medium supplemented with 2.56 mM copper sulfate, and all were able to grow on 5 ppm streptomycin sulfate. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive study to characterize Turkish X. arboricola pv. corylina strains using molecular identification techniques and to determine responses to copper and streptomycin.

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Acknowledgements

The author thanks Prof. Dr. Soner Soylu for MALTI-TOF MS analysis of strains, Prof. Dr. Joanna Puławska for providing Polish strains L22 and 299, Prof. Dr. Aleksa Obradovic for providing Serbian strains KFB 275 and KFB 305, and Dr. A. Demirci for diligent proofreading of this manuscript.

Funding

This study was financially supported by a grant from the Office of Scientific Research Projects Coordination, Yozgat Bozok University (Project No. 6602c-ZF/18-237).

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  1. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Yozgat Bozok University, 66200, Yozgat, Turkey

    Murat Öztürk

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Öztürk, M. Population characteristics of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina strains from hazelnut orchards in Turkey. J Plant Dis Prot 130, 337–349 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-023-00709-9

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