Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Differences in psychosocial factors and sleep study findings between delayed sleep–wake phase disorder and hypersomnia in teenagers

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Sleep and Biological Rhythms Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Central hypersomnia (HS) and delayed sleep–wake phase disorder (DSWPD) appear commonly in adolescents, and they severely reduce quality of life and have an enormous impact on academic performance and other aspects of development. Although these disorders are thought to be considerably different in etiology, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish them because of their similar clinical features. This study aimed to compare psychosocial factors and sleep study findings between HS and DSWPD in teenagers. The clinical data of 89 teenagers who visited the psychiatric section of the Sleep Medicine Center of Nihon University Itabashi Hospital from January 2013 to December 2019 were analyzed. Psychosocial factors were evaluated at the first visit, and polysomnography (PSG) and the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) were performed for patients deemed to require definitive diagnosis. Compared with patients with HS, those with DSWPD had a higher rate of mother’s employment, introversion, adjustment problems, events that triggered the disorder, concurrent mental disorders, habitual lateness, and difficulty attending school or work. PSG did not show any differences in sleep parameters between the two disorders, except for sleep latency. On the MSLT, sleep latency was shorter in those with HS on the second, third, and fourth tests. The present results suggest that focusing on psychosocial factors could be useful for differential diagnosis of the two disorders that appear commonly in adolescents.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

References

  1. Scammell TE. Narcolepsy. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:2654–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Trotti LM. Idiopathic hypersomnia. Sleep Med Clin. 2017;12:331–44.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Nesbitt AD. Delayed sleep–wake phase disorder. J Thorac Dis Suppl. 2018;10:S103–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Kansagra S. Sleep disorders in adolescents. Pediatr Suppl. 2020;145:2019–56.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Inocente CO, Gustin MP, Lavault S, Guignard Perret A, et al. Quality of life in children with narcolepsy. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2014;20:763–71.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Jennum P, Knundsen S, Kjellberg J. The economic consequences of narcolepsy. J Clin Sleep Med. 2009;5:240–5.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Flores NM, Villa KF, Black J, Chervin RD, et al. The humanistic and economic burden of narcolepsy. J Clin Sleep Med. 2016;12:401–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Longstreth WT Jr, Koepsell TD, Ton TG, Hendrickson AF, et al. The epidemiology of narcolepsy. Sleep. 2007;30:13–26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Billiard M, Sonka K. Idiopathic hypersomnia. Sleep Med Rev. 2016;29:23–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Pizza F, Moghadam KK, Vandi S, Detto S, et al. Daytime continuous polysomnography predicts MSLT results in hypersomnias of central origin. J Sleep Res. 2013;22:32–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Khan Z, Trotti LM. Central disorders of hypersomnolence focus on the narcolepsies and idiopathic hypersomnia. Chest. 2015;148:262–73.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Okawa M, Uchiyama M, Ozaki S, Shibui K, et al. Circadian rhythm sleep disorders in adolescents. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1998;52:483–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Wilhelmsen-Langeland A, Saxvig IW, Johnsen EH, Marszalek MA, Wiig Andersen MI, Sætre VK, et al. Patients with delayed sleep-wake phase disorder show poorer executive functions compared to good sleepers. Sleep Med. 2019;54:244–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Sivertsen B, Glozier N, Harvey AG, Hysing M. Academic performance in adolescents with delayed sleep phase. Sleep Med. 2015;16:1084–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Schrader H, Bovim G, Sand T. The prevalence of delayed and advanced sleep phase syndromes. J Sleep Res. 1993;2:51–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Millman RP. Excessive sleepiness in adolescents and young adults: causes, consequences, and treatment strategies. Pediatrics. 2005;115:1774–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Frauscher B, Ehrmann L, Mitterling T, Gabelia D, et al. Delayed diagnosis, range of severity, and multiple sleep comorbidities: a clinical and polysomnographic analysis of 100 patients of the Innsbruck Narcolepsy Cohort. J Clin Sleep Med. 2013;9:805–12.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Liblau SR, Vassalli A, Seifinejad A, Tafti M. Hypocretin (orexin) biology and the pathophysiology of narcolepsy with cataplexy. Lancet Neurol. 2015;14:318–28.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Micic G, Lovato N, Gradisar M, Lack LC. Personality differences in patients with delayed sleep-wake phase disorder and non-24-h sleep-wake rhythm disorder relative to healthy sleepers. Sleep Med. 2017;30:128–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Shirayama M, Shirayama Y, Iida H, Kato M, et al. The psychological aspects of patients with delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS). Sleep Med. 2003;4:427–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Phillips AJK, Clerx WM, O’Brien CS, Sano A, Barger LK, Picard RW, et al. Irregular sleep/wake patterns are associated with poorer academic performance and delayed circadian and sleep/wake timing. Sci Rep. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03171-4.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. International classification of sleep disorders. 3rd ed. Darien: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Berry RB, Albertario CL, Harding SM, Lloyd RM, for the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, et al. The AASM manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events: rules, terminology and technical specifications. Version 2.5. Darien: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2018.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Komada Y, Inoue Y, Hayashida K, Nakajima T, et al. Clinical significance and correlates of behaviorally induced insufficient sleep syndrome. Sleep Med. 2008;9:851–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Wakastuki Y, Kubo T, Shibata S. Constant light housing during nursing causes human DSPS (delayed sleep phase syndrome) behaviour in Clock-mutant mice. Eurosci. 2007;25:2413–24.

    Google Scholar 

  26. A study by the Cabinet Office of Japan: Comprehensive research survey of cause delinquency 4th edition May 2010 assistant in policy of director general for policies on cohesive society:74–7.

  27. Lee MJ, Lee SY, Yuan SS, Yang CJ, et al. Comorbidity of narcolepsy and depressive disorders: a nationwide population-based study in Taiwan. Sleep Med. 2017;39:95–100.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Zamarian L, Hogl B, Delazer M, Hingerl K, et al. Subjective deficits of attention, cognition and depression in patients with narcolepsy. Sleep Med. 2015;16:45–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Kamiyama Y. Polysomnography and contextual factors characteristics with hypersomnia and circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders in teenagers. Dissertation, Nihon University. 2021.

Download references

Acknowledgements

This article is a part of Yayumi Kamiyama's dissertation, which has been submitted to the university’s institutional repository [29].

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan

    Yayumi Kamiyama, Yoshiyuki Kaneko, Kaori Saitoh, Makoto Uchiyama & Masahiro Suzuki

  2. Kyoto University Health Service, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan

    Ryuji Furihata

  3. Center for University-Wide Education, School of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, 820 Sannomiya, Koshigaya, Saitama, 343-8540, Japan

    Michiko Konno

  4. Tokyo Adachi Hospital, 5-23-20 Hokima, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, 121-0064, Japan

    Makoto Uchiyama

Authors
  1. Yayumi Kamiyama
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yoshiyuki Kaneko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kaori Saitoh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ryuji Furihata
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Michiko Konno
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Makoto Uchiyama
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Masahiro Suzuki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Masahiro Suzuki.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kamiyama, Y., Kaneko, Y., Saitoh, K. et al. Differences in psychosocial factors and sleep study findings between delayed sleep–wake phase disorder and hypersomnia in teenagers. Sleep Biol. Rhythms 21, 241–247 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41105-022-00441-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41105-022-00441-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation