Abstract
Aims: It is important to assess sleep quality during epidemiological surveillance of psychological and physical health among nonclinical adolescents. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a self-report screening tool that measures sleep quality. This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the PSQI among nonclinical adolescents. Methods: In total, 5,399 Chinese students (51.1% female) were included in the study (mean age = 15.13, SD = 1.56). Participants completed a comprehensive questionnaire including the PSQI. Statistical analyses to evaluate the reliability, structural validity, measurement invariance, criterion validity and optimal cutoff point of the PSQI were performed. Results: The internal consistency of the PSQI was moderate. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the three-dimensional model and the configural and metric invariance across gender and age. The correlations between scores on the PSQI and the Minneapolis-Manchester Quality of Life Instrument (as a measure of positive life aspects) as well as between scores on the PSQI and the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (as a measure of mental illness and distress) yielded support for criterion validity. The receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that a score of 6.5 was the optimal cutoff point for the PSQI to diagnose sleep disturbance. Conclusion: The main findings of this study are consistent with many studies from other countries that evaluated the psychometric properties of the PSQI and support the use of this instrument in assessing sleep quality in Chinese nonclinical adolescents. Future studies should continue to verify the ability to monitor sleep quality across the lifespan using the PSQI.
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Material and data availability
The datasets analysed during the current study are not publicly available due to the restrictions applied to the availability of these data by the school headmasters involved in the study. Data are however available from the author upon reasonable request and with permission of all the school headmasters.
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Acknowledgements
The author would like to thank Professor Göran Tomson (Karolinska Institutet, Sweden), Professor Christina Keller (Lund University, Sweden) and Dr Frederik Söderqvist (Uppsala University, Sweden) for their contributions to the comprehensive research project, and Professor Lars Cernerud for his kind support. The author would also like to acknowledge the adolescents, school headmasters and teachers involved in the study.
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This work was supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Humanities and Social Sciences), China (No. JKE01212204).
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Guo, C. Assessing the Chinese version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in non-clinical adolescents. Curr Psychol 42, 24860–24870 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03581-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03581-2