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Strategy and potential of homogeneous lean combustion at high load points for turbocharged gasoline engines with direct injection and small displacement

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Abstract

In this paper, a homogeneous lean combustion concept for gasoline engines with direct injection, small displacement and turbocharging is investigated under high-load conditions. A representative operating point was selected for this purpose. The tests were carried out on a single-cylinder research engine. In particular, the influence of the center of combustion, charge motion and pressure ratio is discussed. It has been discovered that the center of combustion has a large influence on the stability of homogeneous lean combustion at high load points. The present investigations provide a method of how to achieve an early center of combustion in knock-limited load points of homogeneous lean combustion. Early centers of combustion enable a high air–fuel ratio with good, smooth running and low NOx emissions. In addition to the high charge motion, operation with a positive scavenging gradient and valve overlap can be applied to flush the hot internal residual gas out of the combustion chamber, whereby knocking can be reduced. With the high air–fuel ratio, specific fuel consumption can be reduced substantially and high combustion efficiency can be achieved. The results can be leveraged as a basis for future developments in gasoline engines.

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Notes

  1. The tumble number describes the angular velocity of the charge motion \({\upomega }_{{\text{T}}}\) to the angular velocity of the crankshaft \({\upomega }_{{\text{C}}}\): \({{T} = \text{ }}\frac{{{\upomega }_{{\text{T}}} { }}}{{{\upomega }_{{\text{C}}} }}\). The angular velocity of the charge motion \({\upomega }_{{\text{T}}}\) can be calculated via CFD analysis [12].

Abbreviations

λ :

Air–fuel equivalence ratio of combustion

N :

Engine speed

η :

Efficiency

p :

Pressure

T :

Tumble number

ω :

Angular velocity

ATDC:

After top dead center

AVT:

Active valve train

bp:

Best point

BTDC:

Before top dead center

CAD:

Crank angle degrees

CEI:

Controlled electronic ignition

CFD:

Computational fluid dynamics

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

COV:

Coefficient of variance

EVC:

Exhaust valve closing

IMEP:

Indicated mean effective pressure

ISFC:

Indicated specific fuel consumption

IVO:

Intake valve opening

L:

Liter

MFB05:

05% Mass fraction burned

MFB50:

50% Mass fraction burned

MFB90:

90% Mass fraction burned

NOx:

Nitrogen oxides

SCR:

Selective catalytic reduction

WLTC:

Worldwide harmonized light duty test cycle

C:

Crankshaft

Exh.:

Exhaust

i:

Indicated

Int.:

Intake

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Daimler AG, Mercedesstraße 137, 70327, Stuttgart, Germany

    Alexander Rurik & Frank Otto

  2. Institut für Kolbenmaschinen (IFKM), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Rintheimer Querallee 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany

    Thomas Koch

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  1. Alexander Rurik
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  2. Frank Otto
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  3. Thomas Koch
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Correspondence to Alexander Rurik.

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Rurik, A., Otto, F. & Koch, T. Strategy and potential of homogeneous lean combustion at high load points for turbocharged gasoline engines with direct injection and small displacement. Automot. Engine Technol. 5, 71–77 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41104-020-00061-2

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