Abstract
Shear connectors have been widely used to combine concrete and steel in steel–concrete composite bridges. To investigate the stiffness and the failure mode of shear connectors, 50 angle steel shear connector specimens were tested by a push-out test based on a servo loading system. The effects of concrete strength, connector thickness, and the spacing between connectors were considered in the test. The ascending and descending segments of the load–slip curves were obtained. Based on the theory of elastoplastic limit analysis, a strength model for concrete wedge failure was proposed. The failure shape and size of the wedge were analyzed. The following conclusions can be drawn: The failure mode of the angle steel’s extended part is similar to the failure of the cantilever beam under a uniformly distributed load, and the angle steel’s spacing affected the failure mode. A piecewise function is assumed for the load–slip relationship for the angle steel shear connector, and the predicted result is in good agreement with the experimental results. Based on the theory of elastoplastic limit analysis, a calculation model for wedge-shaped failure is built, which is superior to previous models. The model is also suitable for the large-angle steel shear connector that is used in practice. The theoretical expression of parameter n and slip S0 at the peak load is obtained by using the elastic foundation beam theory.
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Abbreviations
- φ :
-
Friction angle of concrete
- f c :
-
Compressive strength of concrete cylinder
- f cu :
-
Compressive strength of 150 mm cubic concrete
- F max :
-
Peak load of angle steel shear connector
- S 0 :
-
Slip corresponding to the peak load
- n :
-
Undetermined parameter
- α :
-
Undetermined parameters
- v :
-
Velocity of the rigid body
- γ :
-
Angle of the failure wedge
- H :
-
Width of the top surface of the wedge
- L :
-
Width of the angle steel shear connector
- t :
-
Thickness of shear connector
- f t :
-
Tensile strength of concrete, which can be obtained from the following equation: \(f_{{\text{t}}} = 0.53\sqrt {f_{{\text{c}}} }\) (Chaallal et al., 2011).
- W F :
-
Power made by external force Fmax
- D :
-
Energy dissipation rate
- t w :
-
Thickness of angle webs
- L c :
-
Length of angle steel shear connector
- h :
-
Web width
- F 1 :
-
Experimental maximum load
- F 2 :
-
Predictive maximum load
- K v :
-
Shear stiffness.
- K 0 :
-
Initial stiffness of the angle steel shear connector
- λ :
-
Characteristic coefficient of the elastic foundation beam
- E s :
-
Elastic modulus of steel
- γ s :
-
Stiffness coefficient
- I w :
-
Sectional moment of inertia of angle steel
- θ :
-
Foundation stiffness constant
- E c :
-
Elastic modulus of concrete
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Acknowledgements
The coauthorial group would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51108249) for their valuable technical contributions, adding to the significance of the results. The authors would also like to acknowledge the contribution of the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2016EEM21) for their generous support and financial support from the Science and Technology Program of Shandong Provincial Department of Transportation (No. 2018B37) and all of those people who helped.
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Zhang, F., Gao, L. & Liu, J. Push-out Test and Load–Slip Model of the Angle Steel Shear Connector. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Civ Eng 47, 119–136 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-022-00930-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-022-00930-w