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Biomaterials Comprising Implantable and Dermal Drug Delivery Targeting Brain in Management of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review

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Abstract

Purpose

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is regarded as the most common neurological condition in terms of cognition. The disease progresses gradually, begin with a slight memory loss and maybe lead to the lack of communication as well as environmental awareness. Like the majority of neurological conditions, Alzheimer’s disease has no proven effective drug and treatment of reversal. Moreover, this disorder requires a long-term treatment and a progressive supply of the induced drug.

Methods

The review investigated the use of biomaterial in the fabrication of implantable and dermal drug delivery targeting the brain in the management of AD.

Results

An ideal drug-delivering system for the management of AD requires a transitional approach using advanced technology. The ability of implantable drug delivery systems to release drugs continuously and effectively over an extended period of time, and in the needed dosage, is a topic of extensive research. Several types of implantable drug delivery systems including the usage of nanotechnologies have been widely implicated in the treatment of neurological aliments. Recently, patient-centric approach-based fabrication of three-dimensional printed implants and microneedle have been investigated that demonstrated enhancement in permeability with prolonged release of medication.

Conclusion

The current review offers a thorough grasp of the implantable drug delivery systems especially implant film and microneedle, their fabrication strategies, and their mechanisms, with a focus in the management of AD.

Lay Summary

AD is a neurodegenerative condition that affects memory, reasoning, and the capacity to carry out everyday duties. Modern therapeutic interventions have the potential to improve life expectancy but fall short of complete curing AD. Polymeric biomaterials fabricated implants and dermal microneedles that were applied directly overhead bought revolution in delivering drug and management of AD.

Graphical Abstract

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Data Availability

The dataset used in this review can be available from corresponding authors on request.

Abbreviations

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

BBB:

Blood-brain barrier

CNS:

Central nervous system

EOAD:

Early-onset Alzheimer’s disease

LOAD:

Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease

MCI:

Mild cognitive impairment

ADAD:

Autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease

CSF:

Cerebrospinal fluid

ISF:

Cerebral interstitial fluid

BuChE:

Butylrylcholinersterase

AChE:

Acetylcholinersterase

BDNF:

Brain-derived neurotropic factor

APOE:

Apolipoprotein E

ODTs:

Orally disintegrating tablets

DPH:

Donepezil hydrochloride

NPs:

Nanoparticles

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

3D:

Three dimensional

UV:

Ultraviolet

kDa:

Kilodalton

USFDA:

United States Food and Drug Administration

EEG:

Electroencephalography

DDS:

Drug delivery system

SLNs:

Solid lipid nanoparticles

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Acknowledgements

We wish to thank REVA University and Ganpat University for providing support for this review. Moreover, Sudarshan Singh would like to acknowledge Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Thailand, for partial support.

Funding

This work was partially supported by Chiang Mai University.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

    Neelakanta Sarvashiva Kiran, Gorthi Vaishnavi & Chandrashekar Yashaswini

  2. Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand

    Sudarshan Singh

  3. Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand

    Sudarshan Singh

  4. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The ICFAI University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, 174102, India

    Akshay Parihar, Swati Pal & Jasveer Kaur

  5. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147001, India

    Jasveer Kaur

  6. Shree. S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Kherva, Gujarat, India

    Bhupendra Prajapati

  7. AETs St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar, Maharashtra, 401 404, India

    Popat Mohite & Abhijeet Puri

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Contributions

NSK, GV, CY, AP, SP, JK, PM, AP, and SS: writing and editing, SS: conceptualization, validation, editing of final draft, supervision. BGP: supervision and formal analysis.

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Correspondence to Sudarshan Singh or Bhupendra Prajapati.

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Kiran, N.S., Vaishnavi, G., Singh, S. et al. Biomaterials Comprising Implantable and Dermal Drug Delivery Targeting Brain in Management of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review. Regen. Eng. Transl. Med. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40883-024-00340-6

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