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Biopolymer-based nano-formulations for mitigation of ocular infections: a review

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Abstract

Ocular infirmities significantly influence a person’s routine process by impairing vision to the point of blindness. Effective ocular drug administration with significant bioavailability is challenging due to physiology and defensive mechanisms, which is majorly due to inadequate epithelial permeability and quick removal of the drug from the eye after administration. Due to the numerous restrictions on drug distribution across the blood–retinal barrier, conventional medicines cannot provide definitive therapy for all ocular illnesses, making it a significant clinical issue. However, significant breakthroughs in the management of ocular disorders have been made possible by the use of biopolymeric drug transport with nanoscience. The use of biopolymers in ophthalmic medications has produced several positive effects, including safety, prolonged retention times, improved bioavailability, and controlled release via adhesion to epithelia. Moreover, therapeutic implementation of nanostructure materials, from diagnosis to therapy, has also received significant attention. This evolving biopolymer-based nanoscale drug delivery system has enhanced the drug's ability to pass through various ocular barriers with improvement in bioavailability. Among other beneficial characteristics, biodegradable polymers offer amended retention period and extended release. This review emphasizes the various biopolymer-based fabricated nano-formulations used to mitigate ocular infection.

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Biopolymer-based nano-formulations for targeted delivery of drugs against ocular infections

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Acknowledgements

This work was partially supported by this work was partially supported by CMU Proactive Researcher Scheme (2023), Chiang Mai University, “Contract No. 933/2566” for Dr Sudarshan Singh. Moreover, Dr. Bhupendra Prajapati would like to acknowledge Ganpat University for providing facilities for this work. We are also thankful to Prof. Dr. Sagar Patel, Ganpat University, for his support in language correction.

Funding

This work was partially supported by CMU Proactive Researcher Scheme (2023), Chiang Mai University, “Contract No.933/2566.”

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Kolkata, 700091, West Bengal, India

    Dipanjan Karati

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata Group of Institutions, Kolkata, 700053, West Bengal, India

    Swarupananda Mukherjee

  3. Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand

    Sudarshan Singh

  4. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand

    Sudarshan Singh

  5. Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Kherva, 384012, India

    Bhupendra G. Prajapati

  6. Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Adamas University, Kolkata, 700126, West Bengal, India

    Biswajit Basu

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  1. Dipanjan Karati
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  2. Swarupananda Mukherjee
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  4. Bhupendra G. Prajapati
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DK and SM were involved in writing—original draft. SS and BGB were involved in reviewing. SS and BGP were involved in conceptualization, review, and editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sudarshan Singh or Bhupendra G. Prajapati.

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Karati, D., Mukherjee, S., Singh, S. et al. Biopolymer-based nano-formulations for mitigation of ocular infections: a review. Polym. Bull. 81, 7631–7658 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-023-05095-8

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