Skip to main content
Log in

A behaviorally validated warm glow questionnaire

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of the Economic Science Association Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Measuring the social preferences of economic agents using experiments has become common place. This process, while incentive compatible, is costly and time consuming, making it infeasible in many settings. We combine standard altruism and warm glow choice experiments with a battery of candidate survey questions to construct behaviorally validated questionnaires. We use machine learning to create parsimonious 3-question modules that reliably replicate existing results on general altruism and provide an alternative method for collecting warm glow preferences.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. It is also reassuring to see that question WG21 which has been used in Carpenter (2021) also performs relatively well here.

References

  • Abrahams, B., & Schmitz, M. (1984). The crowding out effect of government transfers on private charitable contributions: Cross sectional evidence. National Tax Journal, 37, 536–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andreoni, J. (2015). Warm glow and donor-advised funds: Insights from behavioral economics.

  • Andreoni, J. (1990). Impure altruism and donations to public goods: A theory of warm-glow giving. The Economic Journal, 100(401), 464–477.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bekkers, R. (2007). Measuring altruistic behavior in surveys: The all-or-nothing dictator game. In Survey research methods (Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 139–144).

  • Camerer, C. F., & Hogarth, R. M. (1999). The effects of financial incentives in experiments: A review and capital-labor-production framework. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 19, 7–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, J. (2021). The shape of warm glow: Field experimental evidence from a fundraiser. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 191, 555–574.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, J., Connolly, C., & Myers, C. K. (2008). Altruistic behavior in a representative dictator experiment. Experimental Economics, 11(3), 282–298.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clotfelter, C. T. (1985). Federal tax policy and charitable giving. University of Chicago Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Crumpler, H., & Grossman, P. J. (2008). An experimental test of warm glow giving. Journal of Public Economics, 92(5–6), 1011–1021.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D’Ambrosio, A., & Tutore, V. A. (2011). Conditional classification trees by weighting the Gini impurity measure. In New perspectives in statistical modeling and data analysis (pp. 273–280). Springer.

  • Dzeroski, S., & Zenko, B. (2004). Is combining classifiers better than selecting the best one. Machine Learning, 2004, 255–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eckel, C. C., & Grossman, P. J. (1996). Altruism in anonymous dictator games. Games and Economic Behavior, 16(2), 181–191.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Falk, A., Becker, A., Dohmen, T. J., Huffman, D., & Sunde, U. (2016). The preference survey module: A validated instrument for measuring risk, time, and social preferences.

  • Hastie, T., Tibshirani, R., & Friedman, J. H. (2001). The elements of statistical learning: Data mining, inference, and prediction. Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Koschate-Fischer, N., Stefan, I. V., & Hoyer, W. D. (2012). Willingness to pay for cause-related marketing: The impact of donation amount and moderating effects. Journal of Marketing Research, 49(6), 910–927.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lilley, A., & Slonim, R. (2014). The price of warm glow. Journal of Public Economics, 114, 58–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luccasen, A., & Grossman, P. J. (2017). Warm-glow giving: Earned money and the option to take. Economic Inquiry, 55(2), 996–1006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McHugh, M. (2012). Interrater reliability: The kappa statistic. Biochemia Medica, 22(3), 276–282. https://doi.org/10.11613/bm.2012.031

    Article  MathSciNet  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Nunes, P. A., & Schokkaert, E. (2003). Identifying the warm glow effect in contingent valuation. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 45(2), 231–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Payne, A. A. (1998). Does the government crowd-out private donations? New evidence from a sample of non-profit firms. Journal of Public Economics, 69(3), 323–345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ribar, D. C., & Wilhelm, M. O. (2002). Altruistic and joy-of-giving motivations in charitable behavior. Journal of Political Economy, 110(2), 425–457.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rushton, J. P., Chrisjohn, R. D., & Fekken, G. C. (1981). The altruistic personality and the self-report altruism scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 2(4), 293–302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jeffrey Carpenter.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file 1 (pdf 98 KB)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Carpenter, J., Lyford, A. & Zhang, M. A behaviorally validated warm glow questionnaire. J Econ Sci Assoc (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40881-024-00161-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40881-024-00161-x

Keywords

JEL Classification

Navigation