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Nanotechnology Potent Photothermal and Photodynamic Immunotherapies of Cancer

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Nano-photosensitizer-based light-activated treatments are safe for numerous cancer indications. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) induces chemical damage to targeted lesions, and photothermal therapy (PTT) causes thermal damage. PTT contrast agents are not required for PDT, but they can boost their effectiveness. PDT uses photosensitizers. Phototherapies based on nanoparticles exhibit high efficacy, limited invasion, and few harmful effects when used to treat cancers. This review discusses phototherapies for cancer therapy and developing preclinical methodologies that may improve their effectiveness and utility.

Methods

All the reported works were retrieved from two databases (i.e., PubMed and Google Scholar) using the keywords “Photothermal therapy” “immunotherapy”, “cancer”, “nanoparticles”, and “photodynamic therapy”. This paper surveyed studies on nanoparticle-based photo/immunotherapies and examined recent nanoparticle-based PTT and PDT developments. We also will be discussed difficulties and potential future research areas.

Results

Recent research has focused on these phototherapies. Phototherapeutic devices and drugs have been evolved recently for cancer treatments, however, considerable difficulties have limited their clinical use to a few dermatological disorders. Combining nano-based photosensitizers with chemotherapies or immunotherapies for targeting or localizing activation could improve outcomes and reduce adverse effects.

Conclusion

These innovative approaches are anticipated to play a significant role in advancing conventional tumor therapy approaches.

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Data Availability

Non applicable.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Medicine, University of Thi-Qar, Al-Nasiriya, Iraq

    Abduladheem Turki Jalil

  2. College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Karbala, Karbala, Iraq

    Noora. G. Al-Fatlawi

  3. College of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq

    Lubna R. Al-Ameer

  4. Medical Laboratory Department, College of Health and Medical Technologies, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq

    Mustafa Asaad Rasol

  5. Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Jabbar Hassoon Zamil Al-Tamimi

  6. Prosthetic Dental Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hillah, Iraq

    Muna S. Merza

  7. College of Medical Technology, Al-Kitab University, Kirkuk, Iraq

    Ronak Taher Ali

  8. Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq

    Rahman S. Zabibah

  9. Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq

    Farah Al-Hili

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  1. Abduladheem Turki Jalil
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ATJ: conceptualization, investigation, writing—original/revised draft, writing—review and editing, visualization, supervision, and project administration. NGAl-F, LRAl-A, MAR, JHZAl-T, MSM, RTA, RSZ, and FAl-H: investigation, writing—original/revised draft. All co-authors approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Jalil, A.T., Al-Fatlawi, N.G., Al-Ameer, L.R. et al. Nanotechnology Potent Photothermal and Photodynamic Immunotherapies of Cancer. J. Med. Biol. Eng. 43, 649–662 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40846-023-00836-6

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