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Temperature-dependent synthesis of SnO2 or Sn embedded in hollow porous carbon nanofibers toward customized lithium-ion batteries

温度调控制备锡或二氧化锡@中空多孔碳纳米纤维电极用于个性化定制锂离子电池

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Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used as grid-level energy storage systems to power electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and portable electronic devices. However, it is a big challenge to develop high-capacity electrode materials with large energy storage and ultrafast charging capability simultaneously due to the sluggish charge carrier transport in bulk materials and fragments of active materials. To address this issue, composite electrodes of SnO2 nanodots and Sn nanoclusters embedded in hollow porous carbon nanofibers (denoted as SnO2@HPCNFs and Sn@HPCNFs) were respectively constructed programmatically for customized LIBs. Highly interconnected carbon nanofiber networks served as fast electron transport pathways. Additionally, the hierarchical hollow and porous structure facilitated rapid Li-ion diffusion and alleviated the volume expansion of Sn and SnO2. SnO2@HPCNFs delivered a remarkably high capacity of 899.3 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 due to enhanced Li adsorption and high ionic diffusivity. Meanwhile, Sn@HPCNFs displayed fast charging capability and superior high rate performance of 238.8 mA h g−1 at 5 A g−1 (∼10 C) due to the synergetic effect of enhanced Li-ion storage in the bulk pores of Sn and improved electronic conductivity. The investigation of the electrochemical behaviors of SnO2 and Sn by tailoring the carbonization temperature provides new insight into constructing high-capacity anode materials for high-performance energy storage devices.

摘要

锂离子电池广泛应用于电动汽车、混合动力汽车、便携式电子设备等储能系统, 但由于电荷在活性材料中传输缓慢以及活性材料易粉碎等缺点, 开发同时具有高容量以及快充性能的电极材料仍然是一个极大的挑战. 针对这一问题, 本文通过温度调控将SnO2量子点或Sn纳米团簇均匀负载在中空多孔碳纳米纤维(HPCNFs)的内部, 用于制备个性化定制锂离子电池. 一方面, 高度互联的碳纳米纤维形成三维网络,加快了电子传输, 提高了电子导电性. 另一方面, 中空多孔结构缩短了锂离子传输路径, 促进了锂离子的快速扩散, 同时, 抑制了Sn和SnO2的体积膨胀. 由于具有较高的锂离子吸附性能以及快的离子扩散速率, 低碳化温度下(450°C)合成的SnO2@HPCNFs复合电极在0.1 A g−1的小电流密度下具有较高的放电比容量(899.3 mA h g−1). 此外, 由于在大的电流密度下, Sn的大孔结构能够储存更多的锂离子, 以及具有较高的电子电导率, 因此, 高碳化温度下(850°C)制备的Sn@HPCNFs复合电极展现出优异的快充性能, 同时, 在5 A g−1(∼10 C)的高电流密度下具有238.8 mA h g−1的放电容量. 本文通过调控碳化温度来研究SnO 2 和Sn电极之间的电化学行为, 为构建高性能储能器件提供了新的思路.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51503105 and 52202256), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (BK20220612), and the Science and Technology Development Fund, Macao SAR (0092/2019/A2 and 0035/2019/AMJ). We also acknowledge the funds from Jiangsu University “Qinglan Project”. This work was also supported by the Opening Project of Jiangsu Engineering Research Centre of Textile Dyeing and Printing for Energy Conservation, Discharge Reduction and Cleaner Production, Soochow University (SDGC2102). We thank Nantong University Analysis and Testing Center for the technical support.

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  1. These authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China

    Fanghua Liang  (梁芳华), Zhuyu Ji  (季朱玉), Wei Zhang  (张伟), Haifeng Zhang  (张海峰) & Mingzheng Ge  (葛明政)

  2. School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China

    Huilong Dong  (董慧龙)

  3. Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China

    Chunyan Cao  (曹春艳)

  4. Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China

    Heng Li  (李恒) & Hongchao Liu  (刘宏超)

  5. National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China

    Ke-Qin Zhang  (张克勤)

  6. College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China

    Yuekun Lai  (赖跃坤) & Yuxin Tang  (汤育欣)

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  1. Fanghua Liang  (梁芳华)
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Contributions

Cao C, Zhang W, Tang Y, and Ge M conceived the project and designed the experiments. Liang F, Ji Z, Li H, and Zhang H fabricated the samples, conducted the characterizations and performed the battery tests. Dong H performed the theoretical analysis. Liu H, Lai Y, Zhang KQ, and Tang Y revised the manuscript. All authors analyzed the data and contributed to the discussions.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Wei Zhang  (张伟), Chunyan Cao  (曹春艳), Yuxin Tang  (汤育欣) or Mingzheng Ge  (葛明政).

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Supplementary data are available in the online version of the paper.

Fanghua Liang obtained her Master’s degree under the supervision of Prof. Wei Zhang and Mingzheng Ge from the School of Textiles and Fashion, Nantong University in 2022. Her research interest includes the modification of nanocomposites and their application in lithium ion batteries.

Wei Zhang is a professor and doctoral supervisor at the School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University. He received his PhD degree in materials science from Donghua University. In 2016 and 2015, he worked as a visiting scholar at the National University of Singapore and the University of Leicester, respectively. His research interest focuses on functional fibers and textiles.

Yuxin Tang is a professor at the College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University. He obtained his BS and MS degrees at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics in 2006 and 2009, respectively, and graduated from Nanyang Technological University (NTU) with a PhD degree in materials science (2013). After postdoctoral training at NTU, he joined the Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering at the University of Macau as an assistant professor in 2018. His research interests are the development of extreme energy storage devices and real-time electrochemical reaction monitoring techniques.

Mingzheng Ge is a professor at the School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University. He received his PhD degree from the College of Textile and Clothing Engineering at Soochow University in 2018. During 2016–2017, he was a visiting scholar at NTU (Singapore). He was a postdoctoral researcher at the Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering at the University of Macau from 2020 to 2022. His research interest focuses on bioinspired materials with special wettability and advanced materials for energy-storage devices.

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Temperature-Dependent Synthesis of SnO2 or Sn Embedded in Hollow Porous Carbon Nanofibers toward Customized Lithium-Ion Batteries

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Liang, F., Dong, H., Ji, Z. et al. Temperature-dependent synthesis of SnO2 or Sn embedded in hollow porous carbon nanofibers toward customized lithium-ion batteries. Sci. China Mater. 66, 1736–1746 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-022-2301-y

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