Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Weak fatigue notch sensitivity in a biomedical titanium alloy exhibiting nonlinear elasticity

非线弹性医用钛合金的抗疲劳缺口损伤行为研究

  • Articles
  • Published:
Science China Materials Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

It is well known that metallic materials exhibit worse fatigue damage tolerance as they behave stronger in strength and softer in modulus. This raises concern on the long term safety of the recently developed biomechanical compatible titanium alloys with high strength and low modulus. Here we demonstrate via a model alloy, Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn in weight percent, that this group of multifunctional titanium alloys possessing nonlinear elastic deformation behavior is tolerant in fatigue notch damage. The results reveal that the alloy has a high strength-to-modulus (σ/E) ratio reaching 2% but its fatigue notch sensitivity (q) is low, which decreases linearly from 0.45 to 0.25 as stress concentration factor increases from 2 to 4. This exceeds significantly the typical relationship between σ/E and q of other metallic materials exhibiting linear elasticity. Furthermore, fatigue damage is characterized by an extremely deflected mountain-shape fracture surface, resulting in much longer and more tortuous crack growth path as compared to these linear elastic materials. The above phenomena can be explained by the nonlinear elasticity and its induced stress relief at the notch root in an adaptive manner of higher stress stronger relief. This finding provides a new strategy to balance high strength and good damage tolerance property of metallic materials.

摘要

金属材料的抗损伤容限能力一般随着强度的提高及模量的降低而显著弱化. 对于高强度低模量医用钛合金, 这可能引发长期使用安全性的担忧. 本文以Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn合金为模型材料研究了缺口疲劳行为, 结果表明: 非线性弹性合金具有优异的抗疲劳缺口损伤能力, 其强度与模量的比值高达2%时仍然具有较弱的疲劳缺口敏感性, 两者关系远优于常规线弹性金属材料, 如不锈钢、 钛合金、 铝合金和镁合金等; 该合金的疲劳断口呈现极度偏折的山峰状形貌, 显著抑制了裂纹的萌生与扩展. 依据非线性弹性变形理论, 本文给出了一种抑制缺口疲劳损伤的自适应机制: 非线性弹性有效缓解了缺口根部的应力集中, 并且这种效果随着应力的提高而显著增强. 因此, 非线性弹性变形行为是一种实现高强度金属材料耐疲劳损伤的重要手段.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Brunette DM, Tengvall P, Textor M, et al. Titanium in Medicine. Berlin: Springer, 2001

    Book  Google Scholar 

  2. Long M, Rack HJ. Titanium alloys in total joint replacement—a materials science perspective. Biomaterials, 1998, 19: 1621–1639

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Li S, Li X, Hou W, et al. Fabrication of open-cellular (porous) titanium alloy implants: osseointegration, vascularization and preliminary human trials. Sci China Mater, 2018, 61: 525–536

    Google Scholar 

  4. Saito T, Furuta T, Hwang JH, et al. Multifunctional alloys obtained via a dislocation-free plastic deformation mechanism. Science, 2003, 300: 464–467

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Geetha M, Singh AK, Asokamani R, et al. Ti based biomaterials, the ultimate choice for orthopaedic implants—a review. Prog Mater Sci, 2009, 54: 397–425

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Niinomi M. Recent metallic materials for biomedical applications. Metall Mat Trans A, 2002, 33: 477–486

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Hao YL, Li SJ, Sun SY, et al. Super-elastic titanium alloy with unstable plastic deformation. Appl Phys Lett, 2005, 87: 091906

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Hao YL, Li SJ, Sun BB, et al. Ductile titanium alloy with low poisson’s ratio. Phys Rev Lett, 2007, 98: 216405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Guo Z, Fu J, Zhang YQ, et al. Early effect of Ti-24Nb-4Zr-7.9Sn intramedullary nails on fractured bone. Mater Sci Eng-C, 2009, 29: 963–968

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Nune KC, Misra RDK, Li SJ, et al. Cellular response of osteoblasts to low modulus Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn alloy mesh structure. J Biomed Mater Res, 2017, 105: 859–870

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Nune KC, Misra RDK, Li SJ, et al. Osteoblast cellular activity on low elastic modulus Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn alloy. Dental Mater, 2017, 33: 152–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Zhang SQ, Li SJ, Jia MT, et al. Fatigue properties of a multifunctional titanium alloy exhibiting nonlinear elastic deformation behavior. Scr Mater, 2009, 60: 733–736

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Zhang SQ, Li SJ, Jia MT, et al. Low-cycle fatigue properties of a titanium alloy exhibiting nonlinear elastic deformation behavior. Acta Mater, 2011, 59: 4690–4699

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Chapetti M, Katsura N, Tagawa T, et al. Static strengthening and fatigue blunt-notch sensitivity in low-carbon steels. Int J Fatigue, 2001, 23: 207–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Xue P, Huang Z, Wang B, et al. Intrinsic high cycle fatigue behavior of ultrafine grained pure Cu with stable structure. Sci China Mater, 2016, 59: 531–537

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Cui L, Sun L, Zeng R, et al. In vitro degradation and biocompatibility of Mg-Li-Ca alloys—the influence of Li content. Sci China Mater, 2018, 61: 607–618

    Google Scholar 

  17. Lu K, Lu L, Suresh S. Strengthening materials by engineering coherent internal boundaries at the nanoscale. Science, 2009, 324: 349–352

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Ritchie RO. Mechanisms of fatigue-crack propagation in ductile and brittle solids. Int J Fract, 1999, 100: 55–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Wang HL. Continuous solid-state phase transformation in Ti2448 alloy over wide temperature range. Dissertation for Doctoral Degree. Shenyang: Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2016

    Google Scholar 

  20. Hao YL, Wang HL, Li T, et al. Superelasticity and tunable thermal expansion across a wide temperature range. J Mater Sci Tech, 2016, 32: 705–709

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Wang HL, Hao YL, He SY, et al. Elastically confined martensitic transformation at the nano-scale in a multifunctional titanium alloy. Acta Mater, 2017, 135: 330–339

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Wang HL, Hao YL, He SY, et al. Tracing the coupled atomic shear and shuffle for a cubic to a hexagonal crystal transition. Scr Mater, 2017, 133: 70–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Wang HL, Shah SAA, Hao YL, et al. Stabilizing the body centered cubic crystal in titanium alloys by a nano-scale concentration modulation. J Alloys Compd, 2017, 700: 155–158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Hao YL, Li SJ, Sun SY, et al. Elastic deformation behaviour of Ti-24Nb-4Zr-7.9Sn for biomedical applications. Acta Biomater, 2007, 3: 277–286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Pilkey WD, Pilkey DF. Peterson’s Stress Concentration Factors. Hoboken: Wiley, 2008

    Google Scholar 

  26. Li SJ, Cui TC, Hao YL, et al. Fatigue properties of a metastable β-type titanium alloy with reversible phase transformation. Acta Biomater, 2008, 4: 305–317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Lanning D, Nicholas T, Haritos GK. On the use of critical distance theories for the prediction of the high cycle fatigue limit stress in notched Ti-6Al-4V. Int J Fatigue, 2005, 27: 45–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Nalla RK, Boyce BL, Campbell JP, et al. Influence of microstructure on high-cycle fatigue of Ti-6Al-4V: bimodal vs. lamellar structures. Metall Mat Trans A, 2002, 33: 899–918

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Haritos G, Nicholas T, Lanning DB. Notch size effects in HCF behavior of Ti-6Al-4V. Int J Fatigue, 1999, 21: 643–652

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Liu WC, Dong J, Zhang P, et al. Smooth and notched fatigue performance of aging treated and shot peened ZK60 magnesium alloy. J Mater Res, 2010, 25: 1375–1387

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Bian JC, Tokaji K, Ogawa T. Notch sensitivity of aluminum-lithium alloys in fatigue. Fat Frac Eng Mat Struct, 1995, 18: 119–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Tokaji K. Notch fatigue behaviour in a Sb-modified permanentmold cast A356-T6 aluminium alloy. Mater Sci Eng-A, 2005, 396: 333–340

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Benedetti M, Fontanari V, Santus C, et al. Notch fatigue behaviour of shot peened high-strength aluminium alloys: experiments and predictions using a critical distance method. Int J Fatigue, 2010, 32: 1600–1611

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Kim WJ, Hyun CY, Kim HK. Fatigue strength of ultrafine-grained pure Ti after severe plastic deformation. Scr Mater, 2006, 54: 1745–1750

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Yuri T, Ono Y, Ogata T. Effects of surface roughness and notch on fatigue properties for Ti-5Al-2.5Sn ELI alloy at cryogenic temperatures. Sci Tech Adv Mater, 2003, 4: 291–299

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Yue T, Tabeshfar K, Forsyth PJE. Effect of microstructure on the plain and notched fatigue properties of IMI 550 Ti alloy. Int J Fatigue, 1985, 7: 149–153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Baragetti S, Lusvarghi L, Pighetti Mantini F, et al. Fatigue behaviour of notched PVD-coated titanium components. Key Eng Mater, 2007, 348–349: 313–316

    Google Scholar 

  38. Akahori T, Niinomi M, Otani M, et al. Notch fatigue properties of a Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr alloy for biomedical applications. J Jpn Inst Light Met, 2005, 55: 575–581

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Khan MK, Liu YJ, Wang QY, et al. Effect of small scale notches on the very high cycle fatigue of AISI 310 stainless steel. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct, 2015, 38: 290–299

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Akita M, Tokaji K. Effect of carburizing on notch fatigue behaviour in AISI 316 austenitic stainless steel. Surf Coatings Tech, 2006, 200: 6073–6078

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Chapetti MD, Miyata H, Tagawa T, et al. Fatigue strength of ultrafine grained steels. Mater Sci Eng-A, 2004, 381: 331–336

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Hui W, Zhang Y, Zhao X, et al. High cycle fatigue behavior of Vmicroalloyed medium carbon steels: a comparison between bainitic and ferritic-pearlitic microstructures. Int J Fatigue, 2016, 91: 232–241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Suresh S. Crack deflection: implications for the growth of long and short fatigue cracks. Metall Mater Trans A, 1983, 14: 2375–2385

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Suresh S. Fatigue crack deflection and fracture surface contact: micromechanical models. Metall Mater Trans A, 1985, 16: 249–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Rajagopal KR. On implicit constitutive theories. Appl Math, 2003, 48: 279–319

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Rajagopal KR. The elasticity of elasticity. Zeit Angew Math Phys, 2007, 58: 309–317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Rajagopal KR. On the nonlinear elastic response of bodies in the small strain range. Acta Mech, 2014, 225: 1545–1553

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Devendiran VK, Sandeep RK, Kannan K, et al. A thermodynamically consistent constitutive equation for describing the response exhibited by several alloys and the study of a meaningful physical problem. Int J Solids Struct, 2017, 108: 1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC1102601 and 2017YFC1104901), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51571190 and 51631007), and the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences (QYZDJ-SSW-JSC031).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China

    Jinrui Zhang  (张金睿), Syed A. A. Shah, Yulin Hao  (郝玉琳), Shujun Li  (李述军) & Rui Yang  (杨锐)

  2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, China

    Jinrui Zhang  (张金睿)

Authors
  1. Jinrui Zhang  (张金睿)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Syed A. A. Shah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yulin Hao  (郝玉琳)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Shujun Li  (李述军)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Rui Yang  (杨锐)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yulin Hao  (郝玉琳).

Additional information

Jinrui Zhang received his BE degree from the University of Science and Technology Beijing in 2013 and is now a PhD student at the Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. His research interests include the damage tolerance of biomedical titanium alloy.

Yulin Hao is a professor at the Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He received his PhD degree from the Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in 1999. His research interests include the biomedical titanium alloys and their additive manufacturing.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhang, J., Shah, S.A.A., Hao, Y. et al. Weak fatigue notch sensitivity in a biomedical titanium alloy exhibiting nonlinear elasticity. Sci. China Mater. 61, 537–544 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-017-9158-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-017-9158-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation