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Advancements in three-dimensional titanium alloy mesh scaffolds fabricated by electron beam melting for biomedical devices: mechanical and biological aspects

电子束增材制造医用钛合金三维多孔支架力学及生物功能研究进展

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Abstract

We elucidate here the process-structure-property relationships in three-dimensional (3D) implantable titanium alloy biomaterials processed by electron beam melting (EBM) that is based on the principle of additive manufacturing. The conventional methods for processing of biomedical devices including freeze casting and sintering are limited because of the difficulties in adaptation at the host site and difference in the micro/macrostructure, mechanical, and physical properties with the host tissue. In this regard, EBM has a unique advantage of processing patient-specific complex designs, which can be either obtained from the computed tomography (CT) scan of the defect site or through a computeraided design (CAD) program. This review introduces and summarizes the evolution and underlying reasons that have motivated 3D printing of scaffolds for tissue regeneration. The overview comprises of two parts for obtaining ultimate functionalities. The first part focuses on obtaining the ultimate functionalities in terms of mechanical properties of 3D titanium alloy scaffolds fabricated by EBM with different characteristics based on design, unit cell, processing parameters, scan speed, porosity, and heat treatment. The second part focuses on the advancement of enhancing biological responses of these 3D scaffolds and the influence of surface modification on cell-material interactions. The overview concludes with a discussion on the clinical trials of these 3D porous scaffolds illustrating their potential in meeting the current needs of the biomedical industry.

摘要

摘要本文综述了电子束增材制造法(EBM)制备医用钛合金多孔支架植入物的工艺-结构-性能之间关系. 传统加工多孔材料方法(如冷冻铸造及烧结法)制备的多孔植入器械由于很难匹配患病部位以及与人体组织在宏微观结构、 力学和物理性能存在差异等因素受到很多限制. 针对这一问题, EBM方法具有独特的优势. 它可以利用患病部位的CT扫描成像或者CAD程序设计制备出复杂个性化多孔植入器械. 本文概述了用于组织再生3D打印多孔支架的发展历程, 主要包含两部分: 第一部分介绍了EBM法制备的具有不同特征(设计、 结构单元、 加工参数、 扫描速率、 孔隙率及热处理)钛合金多孔支架的力学性能; 第二部分介绍了多孔支架生物响应的改进优化以及表面改性对细胞-材料交互作用的研究进展. 最后, 本文还讨论了三维多孔钛合金支架的临床试验结果, 并展望了其在生物医疗领域的应用前景.

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Acknowledgements

Nune KC and Misra RDK acknowledge support from the Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso. All the authors acknowledge different reference sources that enabled the authors to prepare this overview article. The authors have done their best in citing all the relevant articles, however, inadvertently there may be situations where an article has not been appropriately cited. All figures adapted from different references and reference number is indicated in the figure caption. Li S greatly acknowledges support of the Key Research Program of Frontier Science, CAS (QYZDJ-SSW-JSC031-02)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biomaterials Science and Engineering Laboratory Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA

    Krishna Chaitanya Nune & R. Devesh Kumar Misra

  2. Institute of Metals Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 11016, China

    Shujun Li  (李述军)

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  1. Krishna Chaitanya Nune
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  2. Shujun Li  (李述军)
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  3. R. Devesh Kumar Misra
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Correspondence to R. Devesh Kumar Misra.

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Krishna Chaitanya Nune is a senior research scientist in the Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, USA. His research interests are in biomaterials.

Shujun Li is a tenured professor in Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. His current research interest focuses on additive manufacturing via electron beam melting technology, aiming to understand the structure-process-property relationship of 3D printable metallic materials and explore their practical applications in aerospace and biomedical components, etc.

R. Devesh Kumar Misra is a professor and Chair of the Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, USA. The research interests are in biomaterials, nanostructured materials, deformation and fracture, and additive manufacturing.

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Nune, K.C., Li, S. & Misra, R.D.K. Advancements in three-dimensional titanium alloy mesh scaffolds fabricated by electron beam melting for biomedical devices: mechanical and biological aspects. Sci. China Mater. 61, 455–474 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-017-9134-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-017-9134-x

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