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Effects of Remelting on the Properties of a Superelastic Cu–Al–Mn Shape Memory Alloy Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

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Abstract

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) constitutes a promising alternative to directly produce Cu-based shape memory parts with high superelasticity due to the fact that the grain size and morphology as well as the texture can be tailored during processing. It is known that immediate laser remelting of previously processed layers during LPBF can serve as an important and complementary method to improve part density and to adjust the microstructure and mechanical behavior. As a consequence, this study focuses on the effects of an additional remelting step on the material properties of an additively fabricated Cu71.6Al17Mn11.4 (at.%) shape memory alloy (SMA). Firstly, the effects of different remelting parameters, obtained via systematically changing the hatching distance and scanning speed, on the sample density and transformation temperatures were analyzed. Secondly, microstructural observations as well as incremental compression tests were performed to establish the relationships between the applied remelting process parameters, the microstructure, and the superelastic properties. The comparison of the results for remelted and non-remelted counterparts clearly proves that a subsequent exposure of already solidified layers can serve as an adaptive tool to improve the performance of Cu-based SMAs and to allow the fabrication of locally adapted shape memory parts for application-oriented scenarios.

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Data Availability

The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding authors on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgments

N. Babacan gratefully appreciates the support from the Alexander von Humboldt (AvH) Foundation. S. Pilz gratefully acknowledges the financial support from the German Research Foundation (DFG) within the project GE 1106/12-2 no. 419952351. Furthermore, the authors would like to thank K. Neufeld, N. Geißler, B. Bartusch, R. Keller, H. Bußkamp, and A. Voß for their technical support.

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  1. T. Gustmann

    Present address: OSCAR PLT GmbH, 01665, Klipphausen, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Institute for Complex Materials, 01069, Dresden, Germany

    N. Babacan, S. Pilz, J. Hufenbach & T. Gustmann

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sivas University of Science and Technology, 58100, Sivas, Turkey

    N. Babacan

  3. Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner-Str. 5, 09599, Freiberg, Germany

    J. Hufenbach

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NB participated in the Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Visualization, Writing of the original draft, and Writing, reviewing, & editing of the manuscript. SP participated in the Investigation, Methodology, and Writing, reviewing, & editing of the manuscript. JH contributed to Resources and Writing, reviewing, & editing of the manuscript. TG participated in the Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Visualization, Writing of the original draft, and Writing, reviewing, & editing of the manuscript.

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This article is an invited submission to Shape Memory and Superelasticity selected from presentations at the 12th European Symposium on Martensitic Transformations (ESOMAT 2022) held September 5–9, 2022 at Hacettepe University, Beytepe Campus, Ankara, Turkey and has been expanded from the original presentation. The issue was organized by Prof. Dr. Benat Koҫkar, Hacettepe University.

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Babacan, N., Pilz, S., Hufenbach, J. et al. Effects of Remelting on the Properties of a Superelastic Cu–Al–Mn Shape Memory Alloy Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion. Shap. Mem. Superelasticity 9, 447–459 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40830-023-00454-w

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