Abstract
Due to significant budgetary constraints, it is impractical to experimentally study a wide territory to identify soil characteristics over the entire city. Thus, the focus of this work was on employing a geographic information system, as indicated by both Kriging and inverse distance weighted (IDW) approaches, incorporated with linear single and multi-regression models to include a dataset for 56 different soil samples from various sites of Kirkuk city. The IDW and Kriging techniques were utilized to study the physical and consolidation soil parameters such as the percentages of clay, silt, sand, and gravel, preconsolidation pressure (Pc), vertical effective stress (Po), compression index (Cc), and recompression index (Cr). The physico-consolidation relationship was assessed using a linear single regression model in which each consolidation and physical soil property were individually associated. Furthermore, the physico-consolidation association has been determined using a linear multi-regression model where each consolidation soil characteristic was correlated with all the inspected physical soil properties. This study’s findings focused on developing two sets of geographic digital maps for examining different physical and consolidation characteristics of Kirkuk soils. Based on the physico-consolidation correlation analysis, Cc and all physical soil characteristics have substantial positive associations. The Pc and Po values were accurately predicted by the suggested linear multi-regression model. Combined with the presented statistical models, the resulting digital soil maps can provide comprehensive geographical, mechanical, and agricultural representations of soil composition and morphology in Kirkuk city.
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The authors are grateful to everyone who worked with the team members and at the General Commission of Kirkuk Constructional Laboratory.
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Raheem, A.M., Naser, I.J., Ibrahim, M.O. et al. Inverse distance weighted (IDW) and kriging approaches integrated with linear single and multi-regression models to assess particular physico-consolidation soil properties for Kirkuk city. Model. Earth Syst. Environ. 9, 3999–4021 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-023-01730-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-023-01730-5