Abstract
Chitosan, a well-known biopolymer, has been impregnated with tetrabutylammonium bromide using the reflux method. The synthesized adsorbent, tetrabutylammonium impregnated chitosan(C-TBA) was subjected to intense characterization using various spectral techniques which confirms impregnation. The pH point of zero charge was found to be 8.2 which indicate the suitability of the material for both anionic and cationic dyes. C-TBA was employed as adsorbent for the removal of two potent carcinogenic dyes, namely, Congo red (CR) and Crystal violet (CV). Batch experiments were carried out to study the effects of pH of dye solution, contact time, adsorbent dose, adsorbate concentration and temperature. A number of adsorption isotherm models namely, Langmuir, Freundlich, R-P, D-R, Temkin, and Harkin-Jura were studied. The best fit isotherm model was judged by plotting the non-linear plots. Maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of C-TBA towards adsorption of CR was found to be 12.66 mg g−1 and for CV 0.86 mg g−1. Adsorption kinetics was well fitted to pseudo-second-order model and thermodynamics show that the process of adsorption was spontaneous. Statistical analysis as well as column adsorption studies was also carried out.
Article Highlights
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Impregnated chitosan for removal of carcinogenic dyes from wastewater.
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Use of non-linear plots for identification of best-fit adsorption isotherm model.
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Use of R2 and χ2 tests for analyzing statistical data.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to R.T.M. Nagpur University and P.G.T.D. Chemistry for providing all the necessary facilities required for the research work. Special thanks to Dr. S. Kahu and Dr. A. Shekhawat for their help in calculations and proof reading.
Funding
This work was supported by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Ministry of Education, India, under the DST INSPIRE Fellowship programme [sanction order no. DST/INSPIRE Fellowship 2017/IF170496 dated October 21, 2020].
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Maithili A. Khapre. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Ravin M. Jugade. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Khapre, M.A., Jugade, R.M. Quaternary Ammonium Impregnated Chitosan for the Decontamination of Wastewater from Carcinogenic Dyes. Environ. Process. 9, 24 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-022-00565-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-022-00565-z