Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Evaluation of Electrolyte Materials of Gd- and Ce-Doped Scandia-Stabilized Zirconia and Yb- and Bi-Doped Gadolinium-Doped Ceria for Highly Durable Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

  • Regular Paper
  • Published:
International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have attracted significant attention as a highly efficient type of fuel cell. Recent research proposes the use of co-doped scandium-stabilized zirconia with Gd and Ce (denoted as 10Sc0.5Gd0.5CeSZ) and Yb and Bi co-doped gadolinium-doped ceria (denoted as GYBC) as promising materials for the electrolyte and buffer layers, respectively. 10Sc0.5Gd0.5CeSZ exhibits excellent structural stability and ionic conductivity, which can be attributed to the doping of Ce for enhanced stability and Gd for improved ionic conductivity. On the other hand, GYBC demonstrates good sinterability and ionic conductivity due to the ability of Bi to lower the sintering temperature and the high ionic conductivity of Yb. To evaluate the feasibility of 10Sc0.5Gd0.5CeSZ and GYBC at the single cell level. X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks and Rietveld refinements show good structural stability with slight increase in the lattice parameter by doping. The particle morphologies, size distributions, and BET surface areas are evaluated for the basic material characterizations. Then, lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite (LSCF)–gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) was selected as cathode material with 10Sc0.5Gd0.5CeSZ and GYBC. Finally, a single cell composed of Ni-Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ)/10Sc0.5Gd0.5CeSZ/GYBC/LSCF-GDC (6.5:3.5) is fabricated by sequential 3-layer co-tape casting technique, and it shows good open circuit voltage of > 1.0 V, high electrochemical performance of 0.73 W/cm2 and low ohmic resistance of 0.17 Ωcm2 at 750 °C. Then, the electrochemical characteristics and long-term durability of this single cell are evaluated over 500 h without degradation issues. Based on these results, it is concluded that 10Sc0.5Gd0.5CeSZ and GYBC are promising candidate materials for SOFCs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

  1. Abdalla, A. M., Hossain, S., Azad, A. T., Petra, P. M. I., Begum, F., Eriksson, S. G., & Azad, A. K. (2018). Nanomaterials for solid oxide fuel cells: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82, 353–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.09.046

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Jaiswal, N., Tanwar, K., Suman, R., Kumar, D., Upadhyay, S., & Parkash, O. (2019). A brief review on ceria based solid electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 781, 984–1005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.12.015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Lee, K., Jin, S., Kang, J., Lee, S., & Bae, J. (2015). Development of metal supported solid oxide fuel cell based on interconnect coating. ECS Transactions, 68, 1721. https://doi.org/10.1149/06801.1721ecst

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Shin, J. W., Lee, S., Go, D., Yang, B. C., Kim, T., Jo, S. E., Su, P. C., & An, J. (2023). Nanometer Yttria-doped ceria shell by atomic layer deposition over porous pt for improved oxygen reduction reactions. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing—Green Technology, 10, 773–781. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-023-00506-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Jo, M., Kim, S., & Lee, C. (2022). Morphology engineering for compact electrolyte layer of solid oxide fuel cell with roll-to-roll eco-production. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing—Green Technology, 9, 431–441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-022-00425-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Ji, S. H., & Kim, W. J. (2022). Is coating oxide on porous metal thin-film for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell cathode a panacea for performance enhancement? International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 23, 445–451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-022-00628-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Hussain, S., & Yangping, L. (2020). Review of solid oxide fuel cell materials: Cathode, anode, and electrolyte. Energy Transitions, 4, 113–126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41825-020-00029-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Dwivedi, S. (2020). Solid oxide fuel cell: Materials for anode, cathode and electrolyte. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45, 23988–24013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.11.234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Sharaf, O. Z., & Orhan, M. F. (2014). An overview of fuel cell technology: Fundamentals and applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 32, 810–853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.01.012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Jo, S., Sharma, B., Park, D.-H., & Myung, J.-H. (2020). Materials and nano-structural processes for use in solid oxide fuel cells: A review. Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society, 57, 135–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43207-020-00022-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Ji, S., Kim, W., Han, S., Jeong, S., & Park, T. (2023). Stability enhancement of reformate-fueled, low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell with nickel thin-film anode by water bubbling. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing— Green Technology, 10, 999–1006. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-022-00484-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Lee, S., Jang, Y.-H., Shin, H. Y., Lee, K., Bae, M., Kang, J., & Bae, J. (2019). Reliable sealing design of metal-based solid oxide fuel cell stacks for transportation applications. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 44, 30280–30292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.09.087

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Jang, Y.-H., Lee, S., Shin, H. Y., & Bae, J. (2018). Development and evaluation of a 3-cell stack of metal-based solid oxide fuel cells fabricated via a sinter-joining method for auxiliary power unit applications. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 43, 16215–16229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.06.141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Azizi, M. A., & Brouwer, J. (2018). Progress in solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine hybrid power systems: System design and analysis, transient operation, controls and optimization. Applied energy, 215, 237–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.01.098

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Lee, K., Yoon, B., Kang, J., Lee, S., & Bae, J. (2017). Evaluation of Ag-doped (MnCo)3O4 spinel as a solid oxide fuel cell metallic interconnect coating material. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 42, 29511–29517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.10.017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Simwonis, D., Tietz, F., & Stöver, D. (2000). Nickel coarsening in annealed Ni/8YSZ anode substrates for solid oxide fuel cells. Solid State Ionics, 132, 241–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2738(00)00650-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Fan, L., Zhu, B., Su, P.-C., & He, C. (2018). Nanomaterials and technologies for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells: Recent advances, challenges and opportunities. Nano Energy, 45, 148–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.12.044

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Yoon, B. Y., & Bae, J. (2013). Characteristics of nano La0. 6Sr0. 4Co0. 2Fe0. 8O3− δ-infiltrated La0. 8Sr0. 2Ga0. 8Mg0. 2O3− δ scaffold cathode for enhanced oxygen reduction. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 38, 13399–13407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.07.087

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Yoon, B. Y., Kim, J. H., & Bae, J. (2013). Effects of infiltrated Sr and Mn doped LaCrO3 on porous La0. 8Sr0. 2Ga0. 8Mg0. 2O3-δ scaffolds used as anodes in solid oxide fuel cells. Solid State Ionics, 249, 26–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2013.07.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kim, J., Sengodan, S., Kim, S., Kwon, O., Bu, Y., & Kim, G. (2019). Proton conducting oxides: A review of materials and applications for renewable energy conversion and storage. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 109, 606–618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.04.042

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Zakaria, Z., & Kamarudin, S. K. (2021). Advanced modification of Scandia-stabilized zirconia electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells application—a review. International Journal of Energy Research, 45, 4871–4887. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.6206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Zhigachev, A. O., Rodaev, V. V., Zhigacheva, D. V., Lyskov, N. V., & Shchukina, M. A. (2021). Doping of scandia-stabilized zirconia electrolytes for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell: A review. Ceramics International, 47, 32490–32504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.08.285

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Mahmood, A., Bano, S., Yu, J. H., & Lee, K.-H. (2015). High-performance solid oxide electrolysis cell based on ScSZ/GDC (scandia-stabilized zirconia/gadolinium-doped ceria) bi-layered electrolyte and LSCF (lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite) oxygen electrode. Energy, 90, 344–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.06.109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Bai, B., McPhee, W. A., Smirnova, A. L., & Sammes, N. M. (2007). A comparison and characterization of CeO2-doped and Bi2O3-doped scandia stabilized zirconia as IT-SOFC electrolytes. ECS Transactions, 7, 2213. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2729337

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Lakshmi, V. V., & Bauri, R. (2011). Phase formation and ionic conductivity studies on ytterbia co-doped scandia stabilized zirconia (0.9 ZrO2–0.09 Sc2O3–0.01 Yb2O3) electrolyte for SOFCs. Solid state sciences, 13, 1520–1525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2011.05.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Shin, H. C., Yu, J. H., Lim, K. T., Lee, H. L., & Baik, K. H. (2016). Effects of Partial Substitution of CeO 2 with M 2 O 3 (M= Yb, Gd, Sm) on Electrical Degradation of Sc 2 O 3 and CeO 2 Co-doped ZrO 2. Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society, 53, 500–505. https://doi.org/10.4191/kcers.2016.53.5.500

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Arachi, Y., Asai, T., Yamamoto, O., Takeda, Y., Imanishi, N., Kawate, K., & Tamakoshi, C. (2001). Electrical conductivity of ZrO2 Sc2 O 3 doped with HfO2, CeO2, and Ga2 O 3. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 148, A520. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1366622

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Wang, Z., Cheng, M., Bi, Z., Dong, Y., Zhang, H., Zhang, J., Feng, Z., & Li, C. (2005). Structure and impedance of ZrO2 doped with Sc2O3 and CeO2. Materials Letters, 59, 2579–2582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2004.07.065

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Shimazu, M., Isobe, T., Ando, S., Hiwatashi, K.-I., Ueno, A., Yamaji, K., Kishimoto, H., Yokokawa, H., Nakajima, A., & Okada, K. (2011). Stability of Sc2O3 and CeO2 co-doped ZrO2 electrolyte during the operation of solid oxide fuel cells. Solid State Ionics, 182, 120–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2010.08.030

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Zhigachev, A. O., Zhigacheva, D. V., & Lyskov, N. V. (2019). Influence of yttria and ytterbia doping on phase stability and ionic conductivity of ScSZ solid electrolytes. Materials Research Express, 6, 105534. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab3ed0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Haering, C., Roosen, A., Schichl, H., & Schnöller, M. (2005). Degradation of the electrical conductivity in stabilised zirconia system: Part II: Scandia-stabilised zirconia. Solid State Ionics, 176, 261–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2004.07.039

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Yamaji, K., Kishimoto, H., Brito, M. E., Horita, T., Yokokawa, H., Shimazu, M., Yashiro, K., Kawada, T., & Mizusaki, J. (2013). Effect of Mn-doping on stability of Scandia stabilized zirconia electrolyte under dual atmosphere of solid oxide fuel cells. Solid State Ionics, 247, 102–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2013.05.019

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Lim, K. T., Lee, H. L., Shin, H. C., Lee, C. H., & Kim, B. S. (2017). Highly ionic conductive zirconia electrolyte for high-efficiency solid oxide fuel cell. US patent, 9(847), 545.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Lee, S., Lee, K., Jang, Y.-H., & Bae, J. (2017). Fabrication of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) by solvent-controlled co-tape casting technique. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 42, 1648–1660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.07.066

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Kang, S., Lee, J., Cho, G. Y., Kim, Y., Lee, S., Cha, S. W., & Bae, J. (2020). Scalable fabrication process of thin-film solid oxide fuel cells with an anode functional layer design and a sputtered electrolyte. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45, 33980–33992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.033

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Lee, K., Kang, J., Lee, J., Lee, S., & Bae, J. (2018). Evaluation of metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells (MS-SOFCs) fabricated at low temperature (∼ 1000 °C) using wet chemical coating processes and a catalyst wet impregnation method. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 43, 3786–3796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.01.027

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Lim, Y. H., Lee, J., Yoon, J. S., Kim, C. E., & Hwang, H. J. (2007). Electrochemical performance of Ba0. 5Sr0. 5CoxFe1−xO3−δ (x= 0.2–0.8) cathode on a ScSZ electrolyte for intermediate temperature SOFCs. Journal of power sources, 171, 79–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.05.050

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Loureiro, F. J., Yang, T., Stroppa, D. G., & Fagg, D. P. (2015). Pr 2 O 2 SO 4–La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3−δ: A new category of composite cathode for intermediate temperature-solid oxide fuel cells. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 3, 12636–12641. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4TA06640E

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Kim, W.-H., Song, H.-S., Moon, J., & Lee, H.-W. (2006). Intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell using (La, Sr)(Co, Fe) O3-based cathodes. Solid State Ionics, 177, 3211–3216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2006.07.049

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Hsieh, W.-S., Lin, P., & Wang, S.-F. (2014). Characteristics of electrolyte supported micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cells with GDC-ScSZ bilayer electrolyte. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 39, 17267–17274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.08.060

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Rehman, S. U., Shaur, A., Kim, H. S., Joh, D. W., Song, R. H., Lim, T. H., Hong, J. E., Park, S. J., & Lee, S. B. (2021). Effect of transition metal doping on the sintering and electrochemical properties of GDC buffer layer in SOFCs. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 18, 511–524. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijac.13650

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Accardo, G., Frattini, D., Ham, H., Han, J., & Yoon, S. (2018). Improved microstructure and sintering temperature of bismuth nano-doped GDC powders synthesized by direct sol-gel combustion. Ceramics International, 44, 3800–3809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.11.165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Gil, V., Tartaj, J., Moure, C., & Duran, P. (2007). Rapid densification by using Bi2O3 as an aid for sintering of gadolinia-doped ceria ceramics. Ceramics International, 33, 471–475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2005.10.012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Lim, K. T., Lee, H. L., Shin, H. C., Lee, C. H., Kim, B. S., Choi, J. H., & Lee, S. J. (2020). Ceria electrolyte for low-temperature sintering and solid oxide fuel cell using the same. US patent, 10(581), 102.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Fujimori, H., Yashima, M., Kakihana, M., & Yoshimura, M. (1998). Structural changes of scandia-doped zirconia solid solutions: Rietveld analysis and Raman scattering. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 81, 2885–2893. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1998.tb02710.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Li, J., Li, J.-G., Liu, S., Li, X., Sun, X., & Sakka, Y. (2013). The development of Ce3+-activated (Gd, Lu) 3Al5O12 garnet solid solutions as efficient yellow-emitting phosphors. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials. https://doi.org/10.1088/1468-6996/14/5/054201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Vinothkumar, G., Rengaraj, S., Arunkumar, P., Cha, S. W., & Suresh Babu, K. (2018). Ionic radii and concentration dependency of RE3+ (Eu3+, Nd3+, Pr3+, and La3+)-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles for enhanced multienzyme-mimetic and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 123, 541–553. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b10108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Shannon, R. D. (1976). Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides. Acta crystallographica section A: Crystal physics, diffraction, theoretical and general crystallography, 32, 751–767. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0567739476001551

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Shojaie, A. F., & Loghmani, M. H. (2010). La3+ and Zr4+ co-doped anatase nano TiO2 by sol-microwave method. Chemical Engineering Journal, 157, 263–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2009.12.025

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Ahuja, A., Gautam, M., Sinha, A., Sharma, J., Patro, P., & Venkatasubramanian, A. (2020). Effect of processing route on the properties of LSCF-based composite cathode for IT-SOFC. Bulletin of Materials Science, 43, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-020-2075-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Raju, K., Kim, S., Yu, J. H., Kim, S.-H., Seong, Y.-H., & Han, I.-S. (2018). Rietveld refinement and estimation of residual stress in GDC–LSCF oxygen transport membrane ceramic composites. Ceramics International, 44, 10293–10298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.03.036

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Kim, Y.-M., Kim-Lohsoontorn, P., Baek, S.-W., & Bae, J. (2011). Electrochemical performance of unsintered Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ, La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ, and La0.8Sr0.2MnO3−δ cathodes for metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 36, 3138–3146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.10.065

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Zhang, J., Ji, Y., Gao, H., He, T., & Liu, J. (2005). Composite cathode La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3–Sm0.1Ce0.9O1.95–Ag for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 395, 322–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.11.056

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Li, N., Verma, A., Singh, P., & Kim, J.-H. (2013). Characterization of La0.58Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ–Ce0.8Gd0.2O2 composite cathode for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Ceramics International, 39, 529–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.06.059

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Khurana, S., Johnson, S., Karimaghaloo, A., & Lee, M. H. (2018). Effect of Sintering process with Co 3 O 4 on the performance of LSCF-based cathodes for solid oxide fuel cells. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology, 5, 637–642. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-018-0066-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Jiang, S. P. (2019). Development of lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite perovskite electrodes of solid oxide fuel cells-A review. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 44, 7448–7493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.01.212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Abd Aziz, A. J., Baharuddin, N. A., Somalu, M. R., & Muchtar, A. (2020). Review of composite cathodes for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell applications. Ceramics International, 46, 23314–23325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.06.176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Shearing, P., Bradley, R., Gelb, J., Tariq, F., Withers, P., & Brandon, N. (2012). Exploring microstructural changes associated with oxidation in Ni–YSZ SOFC electrodes using high resolution X-ray computed tomography. Solid State Ionics, 216, 69–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2011.10.015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Sarikaya, A., Petrovsky, V., & Dogan, F. (2013). Development of the anode pore structure and its effects on the performance of solid oxide fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 38, 10081–10091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.05.160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Wright, G. J., & Yeomans, J. A. (2008). Constrained sintering of yttria-stabilized zirconia electrolytes: The influence of two-step sintering profiles on microstructure and gas permeance. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 5, 589–596. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7402.2008.02263.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Teocoli, F., Ni, D. W., Brodersen, K., Foghmoes, S. P. V., Ramousse, S., & Esposito, V. (2014). Effects of co-sintering in self-standing CGO/YSZ and CGO/ScYSZ dense bi-layers. Journal of Materials science, 49, 5324–5333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-014-8235-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Haanappel, V. A. C., Mai, A., & Mertens, J. (2006). Electrode activation of anode-supported SOFCs with LSM- or LSCF-type cathodes. Solid State Ionics, 177, 2033–2037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2005.12.038

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Simner, S. P., Anderson, M. D., Pederson, L. R., & Stevenson, J. W. (2005). Performance variability of La (Sr) FeO3 SOFC cathode with Pt, Ag, and Au current collectors. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 152, A1851. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1995687

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Shin, S. M., Yoon, B. Y., Kim, J. H., & Bae, J. M. (2013). Performance improvement by metal deposition at the cathode active site in solid oxide fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 38, 8954–8964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.04.115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Song, J.-H., Jung, M. G., Park, H. W., & Lim, H.-T. (2013). The effect of fabrication conditions for GDC buffer layer on electrochemical performance of solid oxide fuel cells. Nano-Micro Letters, 5, 151–158. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03353744

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Khan, M. Z., Mehran, M. T., Song, R.-H., Lee, J.-W., Lee, S.-B., Lim, T.-H., & Park, S.-J. (2016). Effect of GDC interlayer thickness on durability of solid oxide fuel cell cathode. Ceramics International, 42, 6978–6984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.01.085

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This Research was funded and conducted under 「the Competency Development Program for Industry Specialists of Korean Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE), operated by Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT). (No. P0017120, HRD program for Foster R&D specialist of parts for eco-friendly vehicle(xEV)). This research was supported by National R&D Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by Ministry of Science and ICT(2021M3H4A3A02086497)

Author information

Author notes

  1. Sanghun Lee and Kunho Lee have the Co-first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Climate and Energy Systems Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Sanghun Lee

  2. Research and Development Center, Saudi Aramco, 31311, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

    Kunho Lee

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea

    Jaemyung Lee, Jaeseok Lee, Taehong Kim & Joongmyeon Bae

Authors
  1. Sanghun Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kunho Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jaemyung Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jaeseok Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Taehong Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Joongmyeon Bae
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Sanghun Lee or Joongmyeon Bae.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 10706 KB)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lee, S., Lee, K., Lee, J. et al. Evaluation of Electrolyte Materials of Gd- and Ce-Doped Scandia-Stabilized Zirconia and Yb- and Bi-Doped Gadolinium-Doped Ceria for Highly Durable Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. Int. J. of Precis. Eng. and Manuf.-Green Tech. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-023-00577-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-023-00577-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation