Abstract
Students learn a great deal when they study course material outside of our classrooms, but we have little hard evidence of what they are actually doing during that time and how it varies over the course of the semester. This exploratory pilot study asked first-year medical students to complete study strategy surveys at the beginning and again at the end of a stand-alone physiology course. Responses to these surveys were then grouped into categories, and analyses were completed using above average and below average final grades in the course. The amount of change that occurred in individual student responses between pre-course and post-course surveys was also calculated. Results found that students with above average course grades were more likely to study with other students, make their own resources, and have lower grade expectations coming into the course than their peers with below average outcomes. Results also indicated that changing fewer study strategies may also be correlated with higher grades. Unfortunately, the sample sizes for this study are quite small, and additional data is unavailable locally due to curricular changes. It is hoped that other researchers may be able to further evaluate these ideas.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dunn-Lewis C, Finn K, FitzPatrick K. Student expected achievement in anatomy and physiology associated with use and reported helpfulness of learning and studying strategies. HAPS-Educator. 2016;20(4):27–37.
Husmann PR, Barger JB, Schutte AF. Study skills in anatomy and physiology: is there a difference. Anat Sci Educ. 2016;9:18–27.
Pizzimenti MA, Axelson RD. Assessing student engagement and self-regulated learning in a medical gross anatomy course. Anat Sci Educ. 2015;8:104–10.
Prince M. Does active learning work? A review of the research. J Eng Educ. 2004;93:223–31.
Ward PJ, Walker JJ. The influences of study methods and knowledge processing on academic success and long-term recall of anatomy learning by first-year veterinary students. Anat Sci Educ. 2008;1:68–74.
Selvig D, Holaday LW, Purkiss J, Hortsch M. Correlating students’ educational background, study habits, and resource usage with learning success in medical histology. Anat Sci Educ. 2015;8:1–11.
Tan CM, Thanaraj K. Influence of context and preferred learning environments: Approaches to studying physiology. Med Educ. 1993;27:143–59.
Papinczak T, Young I, Groves M, Haynes M. Efffects of a metacognitive intervention on student’s approaches to learning and self-efficacy in a first year medical course. Adv Health Sci Educ. 2008;13:213–32.
Ward PJ. First year medical students’ approaches to study and their outcomes in a gross anatomy course. Clin Anat. 2011;24:120–7.
Crombag HF, Gaff JG, Chang TM. Student characteristics and academic performance in a medical school: differences that do not make a difference. Br J Med Educ. 1973;7:146–51.
Shatin L. Study skills in medical education: a report and analysis. J Med Educ. 1967;42:833–40.
Entwistle G, Entwisle DR. Study-skills courses in medical schools? J Med Educ. 1960;35:843–8.
Tooth D, Tonge K, McManus IC. Anxiety and study methods in preclinical students: Causal relation to examination performance. Med Educ. 1989;23:416–21.
Martenson DF. Students’approaches to studying in four medical schools. Med Educ. 1986;20:532–4.
Fowler FJJ. Improving survey questions: design and evaluation. 1st Ed. ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications; 1995.
Gauci SA, Dantas AM, Williams DA, Kemm RE. Promoting student-centered active learning in lectures with a personal response system. Adv Physiol Educ. 2009;33:60–71.
LaDage LD, Tornello SL, Vallejera JM, Baker EE, Yan Y, Chowdhury A. Variation in behavioral engagement during and active learning activity leads to differential knowledge gains in college students. Adv Physiol Educ. 2018;42:99–103.
Vazquez-Garcia M. Collaborative-group testing improves learning and knowledge retention of human physiology topics in second-year medical students. Adv Physiol Educ. 2018;42:232–9.
Sokolove PG, Marbach-Ad G. The Benefits of out-of-class group study for improving student performance on exams: A comparison of outcomes in active-learning and traditional college biology classes. J Excell Coll Teach. 1999;10(3):49–67.
Springer L, Stanne ME, Donovan SS. Effects of small-group learning on undergraduates in Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology: A meta-analysis. Rev Educ Res. 1999;69(1):21–51.
Giuliodori MJ, Lujan HL, DiCarlo SE. Student interaction characteristics during collaborative group testing. Adv Physiol Educ. 2009;33:24–9.
Fantuzzo JW, Dimeff LA, Fox SL. Reciprocal peer tutoring: a multimodal assessment of effectiveness with college students. Teach Psychol. 1989;16(3):133–5.
Kruger J, Dunning D. Unskilled and unaware of it: how difficulties in recognizing one;s own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1999;77(6):1121–34.
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank all of the students who participated in this research. We would also like to thank Jackie Cullison for all of her assistance in the administration of the surveys and logistics of the study, and Audra Schaefer for her comments on an earlier draft that helped to strengthen the manuscript. We would like to thank Bruce Martin for allowing us to work with his Medical Physiology class and Michael Frisby for his assistance with the statistics. Finally, we would also like to thank three anonymous reviewers, who helped to further strengthen this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical Approval
This research was completed per IU Institutional Review Board protocol #1507250684A001.
Informed Consent
All participants signed an informed consent statement complete with a Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) release.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
ESM 1
(DOCX 12 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Husmann, P.R., Chong, A.J. Plans in Perspective: a Pilot Study of Medical Student Study Strategies in Physiology. Med.Sci.Educ. 29, 683–689 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-019-00769-3
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-019-00769-3