Abstract
Herbicide use has raised concerns which results in the need to find an alternative approach, using natural methods, of controlling weeds. Phytotoxic substances released from plants have been used to manage weeds biologically. Rumex maritimus, belonging to the Polygonaceae family, is well known to have a wide range of biological properties. However, the phytotoxic properties of R. maritimus is not well documented. Thus, we conducted an investigation into the phytotoxic potential of R. maritimus and attempted to find out its phytotoxic substances. Leaf, stem and root extracts of R. maritimus exhibited a strong inhibitory effects on root and shoot length of Lactuca sativa L., Medicago sativa L., Lolium multiflorum Lam., Phleum pratense L. With increasing extract concentration, inhibition increased. One substance, 2-methoxystypandrone, was purified after a series of chromatography and characterized by spectral data. 2-Methoxystypandrone reduced the seedling length of Lepidium sativum at concentration ≥ 3 μM. The required 50% growth inhibition concentration of Lepidium sativum seedling for 2-methoxystypandrone was ranged 5.8–11.8 μM. Therefore, it is suggested that the phytotoxic effects of R. maritimus on the test plants may be caused due to the presence of 2-methoxystypandrone.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Dennis Murphy, Professor, Ehime University for his critical English editing on the manuscript. The first author also acknowledges the Government of Japan for providing a scholarship to carry out the research.
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40626_2017_95_MOESM1_ESM.tif
Fig.1S HPLC chromatogram of the methanolic extracts of Rumex maritimus. Arrow indicates the active peak fraction in which the inhibitory activity was detected. Supplementary material 1 (TIFF 184 kb)
40626_2017_95_MOESM2_ESM.tif
Fig.2S Effects of the fractions obtained with HPLC. Lepidium sativum was exposed to the concentration equivalent to the extracts obtained from 6.0 g DW of Rumex maritimus mL−1. Values given are means ± SE from two independent experiments with 10 seedlings for each treatment. Supplementary material 2 (TIFF 125 kb)
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Islam, M.S., Iwasaki, A., Suenaga, K. et al. 2-Methoxystypandrone, a potent phytotoxic substance in Rumex maritimus L.. Theor. Exp. Plant Physiol. 29, 195–202 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40626-017-0095-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40626-017-0095-9