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Temporal trends in prevalence and disability of chronic kidney disease caused by specific etiologies: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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Abstract

Background

The prevalence of disability in CKD is high. In this context the aim of the present study was to assess the  temporal trends of prevalence and disability progression for chronic kidney disease (CKD) caused by specific etiologies.

Methods

Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) 2019, we examined the age-standardized rates of CKD prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years for different etiologies, including Type 1/2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM/T2DM), glomerulonephritis, and hypertension. We also calculated the average annual percentage changes to assess trends. Additionally, we utilized the joinpoint regression model to identify significant shifts over time.

Results

From 1990 to 2019, the global prevalence of CKD due to various etiologies exhibited an overall increasing trend, albeit with fluctuations. Notably, CKD due to T1DM, glomerulonephritis, and hypertension consistently demonstrated a significant upward trend across all continents, while the prevalence of CKD due to T2DM varied across continents. In terms of disability-adjusted life-years, CKD due to T2DM and hypertension exhibited a significant rising trend over the past 30 years. However, changes in age standardized disability-adjusted life-years for CKD due to different etiologies were not consistent across continents, with an upward trend observed in The Americas and a contrasting trend in Asia. Furthermore, both age-standardized prevalence rate and age standardized disability-adjusted life-year trends for CKD varied significantly across 204 countries and territories. Additionally, a negative association was observed between the Socio-demographic Index and the disability progression of CKD.

Conclusion

The prevalence and disability burden of CKD caused by specific etiologies show substantial heterogeneity worldwide, highlighting significant disparities in the distribution of CKD. It is crucial to implement geographic and personalized strategies in different regions to alleviate the burden of CKD effectively.

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Data availability

All data are included in the manuscript and/or supporting information.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks to Xiao Ming (Xiaoming_room@hotmail.com) and Yuancun Li (Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong) for their work in the GBD database. Their excellent sharing of GBD database analysis procedures and other public databases, made it easier for us to explore the GBD database.

Funding

This study was supported by Social Public Welfare Science and Technology Research Funding of Zhongshan City (2022B1083 and 2022B1109).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Laboratory, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, China

    Xin Qing, Junyi Jiang, Chunlei Yuan, Kunke Xie & Ke Wang

  2. West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

    Xin Qing

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  1. Xin Qing
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  3. Chunlei Yuan
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. XQ: performed data collection and analysis. XQ and JJ: wrote the manuscript. KW, KX, and CY: polished and revised the manuscript. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript and read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ke Wang.

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Qing, X., Jiang, J., Yuan, C. et al. Temporal trends in prevalence and disability of chronic kidney disease caused by specific etiologies: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. J Nephrol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-024-01914-x

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