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Direct effects of octreotide on osteoblast cell proliferation and function

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Abstract

Purpose

Octreotide (OCT) is a first-generation somatostatin analog (SSA) used in the treatment of acromegaly and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). In both diseases, OCT interacts with somatostatin receptors 2 and 5 (SSTR2 and SSTR5), inhibiting hormone hypersecretion and cell proliferation. Skeletal health is an important clinical concern in acromegaly and NETs, since acromegalic osteopathy and NET bone metastasis occur in a remarkable number of patients. While OCT’s effect on NET and pituitary cells has been extensively investigated, its direct action on bone cells remains unknown.

Methods

Here, we investigated OCT direct effects on cell proliferation, differentiation, mineralization, and chemoattractant capacity of murine primary osteoblasts and osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1.

Results

OCT inhibited osteoblasts and MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation (− 30 ± 16%, and − 22 ± 4%, both p < 0.05 vs control) and increased MC3T3-E1 cell apoptosis (+ 76 ± 32%, p < 0.05 vs control). The anti-proliferative action of OCT was mediated by SSTR2 and SSTR5 in MC3T3-E1, while its pro-apoptotic effect was abrogated in SSTR2-silenced cells. The analysis of genes related to the early and late phases of osteoblast differentiation showed that OCT did not affect Alp, Runx2, Bglap, Spp1, and Sost levels in MC3T3-E1 cells. Similarly, OCT did not affect ALP activity, mineralization, and osteoclastogenic induction. Finally, Vegfa expression decreased in OCT-treated MC3T3-E1 cells and OCT inhibited pancreatic NET cell migration toward the osteoblast-conditioned medium.

Conclusion

This study provides the first evidence of the direct action of OCT on osteoblasts which may have clinically relevant implications for the management of skeletal health in subjects with acromegaly and metastatic NETs.

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Funding

This work has been supported by Pfizer protocol No. ISR 56668477.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy

    E. Vitali, G. Mazziotti & A. Lania

  2. Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy

    E. Vitali

  3. National Research Council, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (CNR-IBBR), Via Madonna del Piano-Polo Scientifico CNR 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy

    E. Palagano

  4. IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, MI, Italy

    M. L. Schiavone & C. Sobacchi

  5. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    G. Mantovani

  6. Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

    G. Mantovani

  7. National Research Council, Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (CNR-IRGB), Via Fantoli 16/15, 20138, Milan, Italy

    C. Sobacchi

  8. Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy

    G. Mazziotti & A. Lania

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  1. E. Vitali
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  2. E. Palagano
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  3. M. L. Schiavone
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  7. A. Lania
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Contributions

EV, EP, CS, GM, and AL helped designing and conceiving the study. EV, EP, and MLS performed the experiments. EV, EP, MLS, and CS analyzed the data. EV prepared the main manuscript text. GM, CS, GM, and AL revised the paper.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to G. Mazziotti.

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All authors declare that there is no conflict of interests in this study.

Ethics approval

Animal procedures were performed in accordance with the ethical rules of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Humanitas Research Hospital in the framework of the protocol n.876/2017-PR. The murine primary cells generated in this circumstance were used for the present study in accordance with the Reduction guideline (3Rs) which is internationally recognized and encouraged.

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Vitali, E., Palagano, E., Schiavone, M.L. et al. Direct effects of octreotide on osteoblast cell proliferation and function. J Endocrinol Invest 45, 1045–1057 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-022-01740-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-022-01740-7

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