Abstract
Human behavioral pharmacology methods have been used to rigorously evaluate the effects of a range of centrally acting drugs in humans under controlled conditions for decades. Methods like drug self-administration and drug discrimination have been adapted from nonhuman laboratory animal models. Because humans have the capacity to communicate verbally, self-report methods are also commonly used to understand drug effects. This perspective article provides an overview of these traditional human behavioral pharmacology methods and introduces some novel methodologies that have more recently been adapted for use in the field. Design (e.g., using placebo controls, testing multiple doses) and ethical (e.g., avoiding enrollment of individuals seeking treatment, determining capacity to consent) considerations that must be addressed when conducting these types of studies are also described.
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Notes
Although human laboratory research may be considered clinical trial research, as designated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the National Institutes of Health, this work may not conform to many peoples’ conceptions of a “traditional” clinical trial in which the efficacy of an intervention is assessed in a large sample.
Each of these cited references will be helpful in better understanding how to conduct human behavioral pharmacology research, but Fischman and Johanson (1998) may be a particularly good article to read after reading this article.
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The author gratefully acknowledges Justin C. Strickland, PhD, for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This work was supported by NIDA/NIH grants R01DA052203 and R01DA048617. The opinions in this article are the author’s own and do not reflect the view of the NIH, the Department of Health and Human Services or the United States Government.
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Stoops, W.W. A Brief Introduction to Human Behavioral Pharmacology: Methods, Design Considerations and Ethics. Perspect Behav Sci 45, 361–381 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-022-00330-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-022-00330-5