Abstract
Lubrication and friction conditions vary with deformation during metal forming processes. Significant macro-variations can be observed when a threshold of deformation is reached. This study shows that during the cold compression processing of #45 (AISI 1045) steel rings, the magnitude of friction and surface roughness (Ra) changes significantly upon reaching a 45% reduction in ring height. For example, the Ra of compressed ring specimens increased by approximately 55% immediately before and after reaching this threshold, compared to an 18% or 25%variation over a 35%-45% or a 45%-55% reduction in height, respectively. The ring compression test conducted by this study indicates that the Coulomb friction coefficient μ and Tresca friction factor m are 0.105 and 0.22, respectively, when the reduction in height is less than 45%; and 0.11 and 0.24, respectively, when the reduction in height is greater than 45%.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51675415 and 51335009) and the Open Research Fund of the Key Laboratory of High-Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University (Kfkt2016-06).
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Dawei ZHANG. He received his Ph.D. degree in materials processing engineering in 2012 from Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China. After then, he joined School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University. His current position is an associate professor at School of Mechanical Engineering. His research areas cover the plastic forming technology and equipment, hydraulic system, and friction in metal forming, etc.
Bingkun LIU. He received his bachelor degree in mechanical engineering in 2017 from Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China. After that, he studied for a master’s degree in mechanical engineering at the same university. His research interests include the plastic forming process and the friction conditions during the forming.
Jingxiang LI. He received his Ph.D. degrees in mechanical engineering from Xi’an Jiaotong University, China, and The University of Tokushima, Japan, in 2013 respectively. Then he joined School of Mechanical Engineering of Xi’an Jiaotong University, and as an associate professor from 2017. His research interests include electromechanical systems and plastic forming process.
Minchao CUI. He received his bachelor degree in vehicle engineering in 2009 from Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China. After then, he was a double-degree program Ph.D. student in both of Xi’an Jiaotong University and Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan. He has recently obtained two Ph.D. degrees at the above two universities. His research interests include intelligent structures and mechanics systems.
Shengdun ZHAO. He received his MS and Ph.D. degrees in mechanical engineering from School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China, in 1986 and 1997, respectively. His current position is a professor at School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China. His research areas cover the plastic forming technology and equipment, computer control of mechanicalelectrical-hydraulic system, and fluid transmission and control, etc.
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Zhang, D., Liu, B., Li, J. et al. Variation of the friction conditions in cold ring compression tests of medium carbon steel. Friction 8, 311–322 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-018-0256-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-018-0256-0